Chapter 8

6. when bacteriophages serve as vectors to transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another
8. the study of inheritance, or heredity of living things
9. DNA segment where RNA polymerase initiates transcription
10. circular and double stranded DNA located at nucleoid
13. any change to the nucleotide sequence in the genome
15. translating the RNA to synthesize a new protein
17. G C A T
18. group of 3 nucleotides that encode for an amino acid which is then added to growing peptide chain
19. turns on gene expression
22. set or operator and promotor sites and the structural genes they control
24. expression of the genotype that creates traits (enzyme, hair color, etc)
25. linear, multiple, located in nucleus
26. mutation random change in the DNA arising from errors in replication

1. when cell fragments containing chromosomes is taken in by another recipient cell through endocytosis
2. when one bacterium donates DNA to another bacterium
3. inhibits gene expression and decreases protein synthesis
4. controls transcription of structural genes by binding to a repressor protein
5. G C A U
7. allows for genetic mutation without changing protein being made
11. produces proteins
12. dsDNA that is used to synthesize an RNA molecule
14. mutation results from exposure to known mutagens that disrupt DNA
16. sum of all gene types that makes up an organisms distinctive genetic makeup
20. total sum of genetic material (specifically DNA) of a living organism or virus
21. a process in which the donor bacterium retains a copy of the genetic material being transferred
23. a distinct cellular structure composed of DNA & protein