Chapter 8 no.1

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Across
  1. 4. The study of genomes
  2. 6. Refers to actual, expressed properties, for example a colour, an enzyme, etc
  3. 8. the start codon
  4. 11. dimers Nonionizing radiation (UV light) causes the formation of _________ _________
  5. 12. The process in which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another as "naked" DNA in solution.
  6. 17. Redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most amino acids are encoded by several codons
  7. 18. The process of copying DNA
  8. 19. excision repair The repair of DNA involving removal of defective nucleotides and replacement with functional ones (three words)
  9. 20. sequence Is part of a transposon (two words)
  10. 21. The process of switching pieces of DNA among two sources; joining pieces of DNA from different sources
  11. 22. The transfer of genes from an organism or cell to its offspring OR the process of transcription and translation occurring within a cell (Central Dogma) is known as ___________ information flow
  12. 23. Ligase Makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands: joins Okazaki fragments (two words)
  13. 24. The genes of an organism – its’ genetic makeup; information that codes for all the particular characteristics of the organism
  14. 28. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at this site.
  15. 29. mRNA ---> proteins
  16. 31. three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
  17. 32. The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriophage.
  18. 33. is antiparallel
Down
  1. 1. substitution The replacement of a single base in DNA by another base, causing a mutation; also called point mutation (two words)
  2. 2. over The process by which a portion of one piece of DNA is exchanged with a portion of another piece of DNA (two words)
  3. 3. The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell-to-cell contact; an example of horizontal information flow
  4. 5. Structure containing DNA that physically carries hereditary information; the chromosomes contain the genes
  5. 7. code Set of “rules” that determines how a nucleotide sequence is converted into amino acid sequence of protein (two words)
  6. 9. The transfer of DNA between two organisms in the same generation is known as ___________ information flow
  7. 10. polymerase Synthesizes DNA in the 5’ --> 3’ direction: proofreads and repairs DNA (two words)
  8. 13. RNA synthesis continues until RNA polymerase reaches this site on the DNA
  9. 14. Recognizes specific codons and transports the required amino acids to the ribosomal translation site where they are incorporated into proteins
  10. 15. The transfer of bacterial chromosome fragments from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is called ____________ transduction
  11. 16. fork The point where DNA strands separate and new strands are synthesized (two words)
  12. 25. The expressed regions of a eukaryotic gene; are separated from each other by introns.
  13. 26. sequence of 3 bases complementary to a codon that each tRNA molecules carries and by which a tRNA recognizes an mRNA codon
  14. 27. Small circular piece of DNA carried by some prokaryotes; extrachromosomal
  15. 30. The DNA sequence that is complementary to CGAATCA