Chapter 8: Skeletal System : Axial Skeleton

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839
Across
  1. 2. A centra that are concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly.
  2. 5. Within turtles, it is a composite bony plate forming the floor of the shell, it consists of a fused group of ventral dermal elements, including contributions from the clavicles and interclavicle as well as dermal elements from the abdominal region.
  3. 6. A laterally or more or less ventrally directed process or appendage of a vertebra forming a rib or part corresponding to a rib.
  4. 7. A vertebra that is characterized by fused construction of all components and the specific type shown is a lepospondylous vertebra.
  5. 8. A centra with flat ends and seem especially suited to receive and distribute compressive forces within the vertebral column.
  6. 10. Are paired ventrolateral processes, remnants of the hemal arch bases that may receive the articulation with ventral ribs.
  7. 17. Part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.
  8. 19. Are the unpaired segmental series of bones forming the body of sternum.
  9. 20. This was certainly one of the vertebral innovations of tetrapods that was seen first in labyrinthodonts.
  10. 22. During embryonic development in some primitive fishes, mesenchymal cells that gather around the notochord first form discrete blocks of cartilage, up to four pairs per segment.
  11. 23. This centrum is if each surface is concave and a design that seems to allow limited motion in most directions.
  12. 25. Is a site of tendon or ligament attachment, it is also a normal developmental outgrowth of a bone.
  13. 26. It is a skeletal structure of birds and other dinosaurs, in which the sacrum is extended by incorporation of additional fused or partially fused caudal or lumbar vertebrae and it can only be seen in birds.
  14. 29. In this type of tail, the vertebral column extends straight back, with the fin itself developed symmetrically above and below it.
  15. 31. This is the hemal arches below expand into supportive struts to which the rest of the fin attaches.
  16. 34. A type of vertebra that has no centra.
  17. 35. Provide sites for secure muscle attachment, help suspend the body, form a protective case around viscera , and sometimes serve as accessory breathing devices.
  18. 36. This is the ribs of primitive tetrapod that having two heads that articulate with the vertebrae.
  19. 39. A bone that is first of seven cervical vertebrae, it supports the weight of the skull.
Down
  1. 1. These centra are saddle-shaped articular surfaces at both ends.
  2. 3. Are named for their distinctive type of holospondylous vertebra, termed a lepospondylous vertebra, in which the vertebral elements are fused.
  3. 4. Is a ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the two main bronchi.
  4. 5. One of a pair of dorsal and lateral elements of the centrum of the vertebrae of the fish and of an extinct amphibian representing or formed from dorsal arcualia.
  5. 9. It is characterizes centra that are reverse shape, concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly.
  6. 11. A median process on the front part of neural arch of the vertebrae of most snakes and some lizards.
  7. 12. Is a smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus.
  8. 13. Is a midventral skeletal structure that is endochondral in embryonic origin and arises within the ventral connective tissue septum and adjacent myosepta.
  9. 14. It is the uppermost segment of the sternum of humans and many other mammals that is somewhat triangular flattened bone with anterolateral borders which articulate with the clavicle.
  10. 15. A type of vertebra with only one centrum per segment.
  11. 16. A type of tail that is characteristics of teleosts, has equal lobes and appears to be symmetrical, but the narrowed vertebral column that runs to its base slants upward to form the support for the dorsal edge of the fin.
  12. 18. Is a long continuous rod of fibrous connective tissue wrapping a core of fluid or fluid-filled cells.
  13. 21. These are restricted to the sides of the ventral body wall between sternum and pelvis and do not articulate with the vertebrae.
  14. 24. A process that is the formed prolongation of the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders in the head of the pancreas.
  15. 27. Are transient structures that will give rise to cells of the vertebrae and ribs, dermis of the dorsum, skeletal muscle of the body wall, back and limbs.
  16. 28. A vertebra having a large dorsal cresentric intercentrum, and a small dorsal paired pleurocentrum.
  17. 30. A type of tail that forms if the posterior end of the vertebral column turns upward and into this dorsal lobe, forming its central axis.
  18. 32. Is an external or internal framework of bone, cartilage or other rigid material supporting or containing the body of an animal or plant.
  19. 33. A fossa on the posterior median part of the neural arch of a vertebra that accommodates the zygosphene of the next vertebra.
  20. 37. A vertebrate whose embryo is wrapped in an amnion.
  21. 38. It is attached to the vertebral column in complex ways, corresponding to the demands that active locomotion places upon the individual vertebrae.