Chapter 8 Vocab

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Across
  1. 1. this mechanism amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates.
  2. 3. Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
  3. 7. The reactant an enzyme acts on is referred to as the enzyme's
  4. 10. Forms as the substrate enters the active site, the enzyme changes shape slightly due to interactions between the substrate's chemical groups
  5. 11. The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.
  6. 14. The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.
  7. 15. Do not directly compete with the substrate to bind to the enzyme at the active site.
  8. 17. A reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
  9. 19. A measure of disorder, or randomness.
  10. 20. An organic molecule cofactor.
  11. 21. contains the sugar ribose, with the nitrogenous base adenine and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
  12. 23. The term used to describe any case in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site.
  13. 25. Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
  14. 27. a macromolecule that acts as a catalyst
  15. 28. The initial investment of energy for starting a reaction
  16. 29. The recipient with the phosphate group covalently bonded to it is then called
  17. 30. A restricted region of the enzyme molecule which actually binds to the substrate.
  18. 31. The energy of the universe is constant; Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
  19. 32. a process that can occur without an input of energy is called a spontaneous process.
Down
  1. 2. Consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones; they are sometimes called biosynthetic pathways.
  2. 4. An object not presently moving may still possess energy
  3. 5. The totality of an organism's chemical reactions
  4. 6. The study of how energy flows through living organisms.
  5. 8. Energy that can be associated with the relative motion of objects
  6. 9. A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway.
  7. 12. term used by biologists to refer to the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction.
  8. 13. Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.
  9. 16. The capacity to cause change.
  10. 18. enzymes require non protein helpers for catalytic activity.
  11. 22. kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules.
  12. 24. Some metabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds.
  13. 26. The study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter