Chapter 9 “Cellular Respiration or Fermentation”

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Across
  1. 3. Respiration: Production of energy with oxygen
  2. 5. iron containing protein that is a component of electron transport chain
  3. 7. Protein: inner membrane protein which regulates proton channel
  4. 9. Fermentation: glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide
  5. 11. Matrix: compartment that contains enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle; also contains DNA and ribosomes
  6. 13. Reactions: Chemical Reaction of the transfer of electrons
  7. 14. Energy: Energy available in molecules
  8. 16. can either make ATP or power work in the cell
  9. 18. Respiration: Production of energy without oxygen
  10. 21. Pathway: Release of energy caused by breakdown of molecules
  11. 22. Transport Chain: Where electron carrier molecules are held, which shuttle the electrons releasing energy to make ATP
  12. 23. a sugar that is an important energy source C6H12O6
  13. 25. Motive Force: H+ gradient which preforms work
  14. 27. an enzyme that oxidizes the substrate by removing a pair of hydrogen atoms
  15. 29. Route: glucose → NADH → Electron Transport Chain → Oxygen
  16. 31. site of cellular respiration where oxygen is used to degrade organic molecules and generate ATP
  17. 32. anaerobes: if oxygen is present the organism will make ATP by aerobic respiration but if oxygen is not present the organism will use anaerobic respiration or fermentation
  18. 33. sets the pace of respiration
  19. 34. A catabolic process making small amounts of ATP from organic molecules with an end result of ethyl alcohol or lactic acid
  20. 37. Agent: Electron Acceptor
  21. 38. Adenosine Diphosphate
  22. 41. use of energy released from exergonic reaction to drive endergonic reaction
  23. 42. Agent: Electron Donor
  24. 45. Phosphorylation: The enzyme catalyzed formation of ADP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate
  25. 46. Energy: Energy obtained due to motion
  26. 47. Acid Fermentation: glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate regenerating NAD+ with no release of carbon dioxide
  27. 49. Starting point of fermentation and cellular respiration where glucose is split into pyruvate
  28. 50. Oxidation: the pyruvate molecule accepts electrons, creating acetyl CoA which then goes into the citric acid cycle
  29. 51. Spontaneous chemical reaction with a net release of free energy
  30. 52. reduced state of NAD+
  31. 53. folding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
  32. 56. Loss of electrons
  33. 58. CoA: the entry compound for the citric acid cycle
Down
  1. 1. Oxidation: metabolic process which is the breakdown of fatty acids to form acetyl CoA
  2. 2. ionized form of citric acid; formed by the combination of acetyl CoA acetyl group and oxaloacetate
  3. 4. Intake of oxygen and release of CO2 to produce energy
  4. 6. → FADH2: two hydrogens get transferred to FAD forming FADH2 which oxidizes the compound
  5. 8. Acid Cycle: also, known as Krebs cycle; an eight-step chemical cycle that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose
  6. 10. anaerobes: organism that cannot live without oxygen
  7. 12. Space: space between inner and outer membrane
  8. 15. intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol
  9. 17. Energy: Energy contained due to structure
  10. 19. Gaining electrons
  11. 20. Payoff: energy is the result of a reaction
  12. 24. Respiration: includes both aerobic and anaerobic pathways which result in the production of ATP
  13. 26. Phosphorylation: third major stage in cellular respiration in which ATP is produced through redox reactions in the electron transport chain
  14. 28. Attraction for electrons
  15. 30. → NADH → electron transport chain → protein-motive force → ATP: Energy Flow During respiration
  16. 35. coenzyme electron carrier that is easily oxidized because it is an electron acceptor
  17. 36. Nonspontaneous chemical reaction with an absorption of free energy from surroundings
  18. 39. Groups: nonprotein components which are essential for the catalytic functions of certain enzymes
  19. 40. degradation of amino acids for energy
  20. 43. stored energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane drives cellular work; most ATP synthesis in aerobic conditions
  21. 44. Molecule: organic molecule generated as an intermediate during the catabolism of glucose
  22. 48. Inorganic Phosphate symbol
  23. 53. + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O: cellular respiration
  24. 54. Synthase: a complex of membrane proteins that function with electron transport chains with energy from the hydrogen ion concentration to produce ATP
  25. 55. Membrane: membrane at the boarder of the cell which regulates what goes in and out
  26. 56. Membrane: double phospholipid membrane that separates the inside of the organelle from the rest of the cell
  27. 57. Membrane: site of electron transport chain