Chapter 9- Thinking and Language

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Across
  1. 5. stage- the developmental period, between approximately 10 and 18 months, when children use one word at a time when speaking
  2. 7. area- region of the brain that contains motor neurons involved in the comprehension of speech
  3. 8. a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
  4. 11. the study of sentences and phrases, or how people put words into the right order so that they can communicate meaningfully
  5. 12. the inability to see a problem from a new perspective by employing a different mental set
  6. 13. a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems
  7. 18. perseverance- clinging to one's initial concepts after the basis on which they were formed
  8. 19. our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate
  9. 20. a mental image or best example of a category
  10. 22. speech- condensed or abbreviated speech in which only the most central words, carrying the highest level of information, are spoken
  11. 23. concerns the meanings of words, signs, symbols, and the phrases that represent them
  12. 25. an acquired language impairment that results from brain damage typically in the left hemisphere
  13. 26. bias- a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
  14. 28. in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
  15. 29. heuristic- judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match
  16. 30. set- a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
Down
  1. 1. deciding on options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations
  2. 2. a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
  3. 3. area- one of the main language centers of the brain
  4. 4. fixedness- the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function an impediment to problem solving
  5. 6. an abstract system of rules that describes how a language works
  6. 9. determination- the concept that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception
  7. 10. an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought as contrasted with explicit conscious reasoning
  8. 14. all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
  9. 15. a unit of meaning that cannot be analyzed into smaller such units
  10. 16. a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
  11. 17. stage- a stage in child development and a state in language acquisition during which an infant appears to be experimenting with uttering articulate sounds, but does not yet produce any recognizable words
  12. 21. the tendency to be more confident than correct
  13. 24. stage- the developmental period, between approximately 18 and 24 months of age, during which children use two words at a time when speaking
  14. 27. heuristic- estimating the likelihood of evets based on their availability