Chapter 9 Urban Geography Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. A high point in a city on which impressive structures, especially religious buildings, were built is called a ______.
  2. 5. Hearth An area where agriculture and urbanization were not independently innovated, and where the adaptations of the practice or trait further diffused.
  3. 7. Urbanism Development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
  4. 8. Model Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford’s model of the South American city, that shows a blend of traditional elements of South American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene, is called the _____.
  5. 10. This is where financial institutions in the business of lending money identified what they considered to be risky neighborhoods in cities, often predominantly black neighborhoods, and refuse to offer loans to anyone purchasing a house in the neighborhood encircled by red lines on their maps.
  6. 12. He Wei Valleys This is the fourth urban hearth located in present-day China dating back to 1500 BCE.
  7. 14. This is the sixth urban hearth dating back to 900 BCE.
  8. 15. River Valley This is the third urban hearth where agriculture probably diffused from the Fertile Crescent dating back to 2200 BCE.
  9. 17. Zonation The division of the city into certain regions for certain purposes is called _____.
  10. 19. Zone Model Ernest Burgess’s model, that divides the city into five concentric zones (four concentric zones surrounding a CBD), defined by their function, is called the _____.
  11. 20. An absolute location of a city, often chosen for its advantages in trade or defense, or as a center for religious practice is called a _____.
  12. 24. In the context of the city, this entails transforming the central business district into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike.
  13. 29. The homes intended for suburban demolition are called _____.
  14. 31. Economy This is the economy that is not taxed and is not counted toward a country’s gross national income.
  15. 32. Sprawl This is unrestricted growth of housing, commercial developments, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
  16. 33. An agglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics is called a ______.
  17. 34. Realtors would solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was going downhill because a black person or family had moved in, which lead to whites moving to the outlying suburbs from the city, in a practice called _____.
  18. 36. Urban Revolution The innovation of the city that occurred independently in six hearths is called the _______.
  19. 37. An area with a relatively uniform land use such as an industrial zone or residential zone is called a ______.
  20. 38. An outlying, functionally uniform part of an urban area that is often adjacent to the central city is called a _____.
  21. 39. Belt Phenomenon The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest is referred to as the _____.
  22. 40. Model T.G. McGee’s model that shows similar land-use patterns exhibited in medium-sized cities of Southeast Asia.
  23. 42. This is an open, public space that became the focus of commercial activity where Greeks debated, lectured, judged each other, planned military campaigns, and socialized.
  24. 43. New mansions that are supersize and have a similar look are called _____.
  25. 46. of Consumption Areas that encourage the consumptions of their products (goods and services) that are driven by the global media industry are called _____.
  26. 47. Cities ______ function at the global scale, beyond the reach of the state borders, functioning as the service centers of the world economy.
Down
  1. 1. Sector The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords are called the _____.
  2. 3. City This is a country’s leading city, always disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of national capacity and feeling.
  3. 4. The conditions that make change possible derive from dwelling together in a particular home place or space, and is known as _____.
  4. 6. Class Also known as the urban elite, this consists of a group of decision makers and organizers who control resources, and often the lives, of others.
  5. 8. The rehabilitation of houses in older neighborhoods is called _____.
  6. 9. The focal point of Roman life that combines the Greek acropolis and agora is called the ______.
  7. 11. Business District A concentration of business and commerce in the city’s downtown is called _____.
  8. 13. River Valley This is the second hearth of urbanization that is distinguished by the use of irrigation in order to urbanize dating back to 3200 BCE.
  9. 16. This is the process by which lands that were previously outside of the urban environment become urbanized, as people and businesses from the city move to these spaces.
  10. 18. The role of a city in the larger, surrounding context is known as ______.
  11. 21. Area An adjacent region to a city within which its influence is dominant is called a _____.
  12. 22. This was the first hearth of agriculture dating back to 3500 BCE. This is an urban hearth that is also known as the region of great cities or Fertile Crescent located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
  13. 23. Primate cities in developing countries are called _____ when the city has a large population, a vast territorial extent, rapid in-migration, and a strained, inadequate infrastructure.
  14. 25. This is the fifth urban hearth with cities centered around religion dating back to 1100 BCE.
  15. 26. City This is the urban area that is not suburban.
  16. 27. Surplus An additional amount of food available due to advancements in technology and an increase in labor is called _____.
  17. 28. Laws The laws in which cities define areas of the city and designate the kinds of development allowed in each zone are called ______.
  18. 30. Rule This rule states that in a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city or town will inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
  19. 35. Unplanned developments of crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and pieces of cardboard that develop around cities are called _____.
  20. 41. Cities These suburban downtowns that serve their new local economies are often located near key freeway intersections and are developed mainly around big regional shopping centers and restaurants, entertainment facilities, and even sports stadiums.
  21. 44. Stratification The presence of a social hierarchy is referred to as ______.
  22. 45. Communities Fenced-in neighborhoods with controlled access gates for people and automobiles are called _____.