Chapter 9

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Across
  1. 1. the punishment rationale expressed by the biblical phrase, "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth."
  2. 5. reductions in sentences, granted by a state's governor.
  3. 8. the punishment rationale based on the idea that offenders should be punished automatically, simply because they have committed a crime and the idea that the punishment should fit the crime.
  4. 11. decriptions of the harm and suffering that a crime has caused victims and their survivors.
  5. 12. this decision caused the resumption of executions on January 17, 1977.
  6. 13. in death sentencing, facts of situations that increase the blameworthiness for a criminal act.
  7. 15. a sentence with a fixed period of incarceration, which eliminates the decision-making responsibility of parole boards.
  8. 17. sentencing in which a specified number of years of imprisonment is provided for particular crimes.
  9. 18. money paid or services provided by a convicted offender to victims, their survivors, or the community to make up for the injury inflicted.
  10. 19. limited capital punishment to offenders who are 18 years of age or older at the time of their offenses.
  11. 20. sentencing that allows a judge to retain some sentencing discretion, subject to appellate review. The legislature determines a sentence range for each crime.
  12. 24. sentencing in which judges may choose between probation and imprisonment but have little discretion in setting the length of a prison sentence.
  13. 27. the prevention of people in general from engaging in crime by punishing specific individuals and making examples of them.
Down
  1. 2. the number of days deducted from a sentence by prison authorities for good behavior or for other reasons.
  2. 3. the removal or restriction of the freedom of those found to have violate criminal laws.
  3. 4. court held that the capital punishment statutes in three cases were unconstitutional because it gave the jury complete discretion to decide whether to impose the death penalty or a lesser punishment for capital cases.
  4. 6. a sentence with a fixed minimum and maximum term of incarceration, rather than a set period.
  5. 7. in death sentencing, facts or situations that do not justify or excuse a criminal act but reduce the degree of blameworthiness and thus may reduce the punishment.
  6. 9. reports used to help judges determine the appropriate sentence.
  7. 10. the prevention of individuals from committing crimes again by punishing them.
  8. 14. review in which the appellate court compares the sentence in the case it is reviewing with penalties imposed in similar cases in the state.
  9. 16. the procedure at a sentencing hearing in which the convicted defendant has the right to address the court before the sentence is imposed.
  10. 21. court held that it cruel and unusual punishment to execute the intellectually challenged.
  11. 22. a two-stage trial consisting of a guilt phase and a separate penalty phase.
  12. 23. the court ruled that rape of a child when the victim was not killed did not warrant death.
  13. 25. a justification for punishment that implies repayment for an offense committed.
  14. 26. forgiveness for the crime committed that stops further criminal processing.