Chapter Six Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. Chemical reaction that requires an input of energy; opposite of exergonic reaction
  2. 4. Energy that must be added in order for molecules to react with one another
  3. 5. Series of linked reactions, beginning with a particular reactant and terminating with an end product
  4. 6. Nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP
  5. 13. Substance that participates in a reaction
  6. 14. Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P makes energy available for energy-requiring processes in cells
  7. 17. Nonprotein assistant required by an enzyme in order to function. Many cofactors are metal ions; others are coenzymes
  8. 19. Energy associated with motion
  9. 20. Substance that forms as a result of a reaction
  10. 21. RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme that can catalyse chemical reactions
  11. 22. A paired set of chemical reactions in which one molecule gives up electrons (oxidized) while another molecule accepts electrons (reduced); commonly called a redox reaction
  12. 24. Nonprotein organic molecule that aids the action of the enzyme to which it is loosely bound
  13. 26. stored energy in a potentially usable form, as a result of location or spatial arrangement
  14. 27. Change in the shape of an enzyme's active site that enhances the fit between the active site and its substrates
Down
  1. 1. Chemical reaction that releases energy; opposite of endergonic reaction
  2. 3. Reactions that occur simultaneously; one is an exergonic reaction that releases energy, and the other is an endergonic reaction that requires an input of energy in order to occur
  3. 7. Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the chemical reactions occurs
  4. 8. Capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms
  5. 9. Energy in a system that is capable of performing work
  6. 10. Two laws explaining energy and its relationships and exchanges. The first, also called the "law of conservation," says that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only can be changed from one form to another. The second says that energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
  7. 11. Means by which cells regulate enzyme activity; may be competitive or noncompetitive inhibition
  8. 12. Metabolic process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones; catabolic metabolism
  9. 15. Measure of disorder or randomness in a system
  10. 16. The sum of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
  11. 18. Organic nutrient that is required in small amounts for metabolic functions. Vitamins are often part of coenzymes
  12. 23. Chemical reaction in which smaller molecules (monomers) are combined to form larger molecules (polymers); anabolic metabolism
  13. 25. Organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds a reaction in cells due to its particular shape