Chemistry Chapters 5-7 Vocab
Across
- 2. states that electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible.
- 3. the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
- 5. the lowest possible energy of an electron.
- 6. the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.
- 11. an atomic-orbital may describe at most two electrons.
- 14. Group 2A elements.
- 20. electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first.
- 22. when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
- 27. the Group 1A elements.
- 28. compounds composed of cations and anions.
- 29. SI unit of cycles per second hertz [Hz].
- 31. energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another.
- 33. separate discrete lines of the frequencies of light emitted by an element.
- 35. are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table.
- 38. of a wave is the wave’s height from zero to the crest.
- 39. are diagrams that show valence electrons as dots.
- 40. the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
- 42. The portion of the periodic table containing Groups 1A through 7A
- 43. shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance.
- 44. often thought of as a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron.
Down
- 1. the modern description of the electrons in atoms from the mathematical solutions to the Schrödinger equation.
- 2. states that it’s impossible to know exactly both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time.
- 4. are the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms.
- 7. the distance between crests.
- 8. an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
- 9. are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
- 10. the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.
- 12. the nonmetals of Group 7A.
- 13. the fixed energies an electron can have in Bohr’s model.
- 15. one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.
- 16. the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time. [1/s]
- 17. an ion with a negative charge.
- 18. includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and gamma rays.
- 19. the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons in these atoms.
- 21. consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions.
- 23. the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds.
- 24. the ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms.
- 25. are mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
- 26. of an ion is the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal.
- 30. an ion with a positive charge.
- 32. generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
- 34. light quanta.
- 36. when sunlight passes through a prism and the different frequencies of light separate into colors.
- 37. in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas (or 8 electrons in its highest energy level).
- 41. are good conductors of heat and electric current.