Chemistry Chapters 5-7 Vocab

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Across
  1. 2. states that electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible.
  2. 3. the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
  3. 5. the lowest possible energy of an electron.
  4. 6. the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons.
  5. 11. an atomic-orbital may describe at most two electrons.
  6. 14. Group 2A elements.
  7. 20. electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first.
  8. 22. when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
  9. 27. the Group 1A elements.
  10. 28. compounds composed of cations and anions.
  11. 29. SI unit of cycles per second hertz [Hz].
  12. 31. energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another.
  13. 33. separate discrete lines of the frequencies of light emitted by an element.
  14. 35. are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table.
  15. 38. of a wave is the wave’s height from zero to the crest.
  16. 39. are diagrams that show valence electrons as dots.
  17. 40. the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
  18. 42. The portion of the periodic table containing Groups 1A through 7A
  19. 43. shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance.
  20. 44. often thought of as a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron.
Down
  1. 1. the modern description of the electrons in atoms from the mathematical solutions to the Schrödinger equation.
  2. 2. states that it’s impossible to know exactly both the velocity and position of a particle at the same time.
  3. 4. are the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element’s atoms.
  4. 7. the distance between crests.
  5. 8. an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
  6. 9. are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
  7. 10. the ability of an atom of an element to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound.
  8. 12. the nonmetals of Group 7A.
  9. 13. the fixed energies an electron can have in Bohr’s model.
  10. 15. one half of the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined.
  11. 16. the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time. [1/s]
  12. 17. an ion with a negative charge.
  13. 18. includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, X-rays, and gamma rays.
  14. 19. the highest occupied s sublevel and a nearby d sublevel contain electrons in these atoms.
  15. 21. consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions.
  16. 23. the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds.
  17. 24. the ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms.
  18. 25. are mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
  19. 26. of an ion is the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal.
  20. 30. an ion with a positive charge.
  21. 32. generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.
  22. 34. light quanta.
  23. 36. when sunlight passes through a prism and the different frequencies of light separate into colors.
  24. 37. in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas (or 8 electrons in its highest energy level).
  25. 41. are good conductors of heat and electric current.