Chemistry Test 1 Vocab

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Across
  1. 1. a mixture whose composition is not uniform throughout
  2. 9. the theory of matter with 5 points
  3. 10. a property of a substance that characterizes the substance without the substance undergoing a chemical reaction
  4. 13. the method of making observations, proposing theories, and testing those theories through experimentation
  5. 15. horizontal rows on the periodic table; these elements typically have the same number of electron shells
  6. 17. Any elements in groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA, and VIIIA of the periodic table
  7. 19. the experimental investigation and explanation of natural phenomena
  8. 23. an ion with a positive charge
  9. 24. a general name for any element in group IA; the most reactive metals that have only 1 valence electron
  10. 25. a change from the solid state directly to the gas state
  11. 26. a starting material for a chemical reaction
  12. 27. the process in which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state
  13. 29. a mixture whose composition is uniform throughout; a solution
  14. 30. a subatomic particle that has a mass approximately equal to that of the hydrogen atom, carries an electrical charge of +1, and is located in the nucleus of an atom
  15. 32. a property of a substance that can be studied only by having the substance undergo a chemical change; a property that determines the chemical reactions the substance can undergo
  16. 35. a verbal description or physical construction used to visualize something a theory describes
  17. 37. the application to practical problems of knowledge gained by doing science
  18. 40. a general name for any element in group IIA
  19. 41. matter with constant composition that consists of just one element or compound in just one chemical form
  20. 43. elements 58-71 on the periodic table, a.k.a. rare earth metals
  21. 44. a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
  22. 45. an ion that has a negative charge
  23. 47. an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and those of nonmetals; typically the physical properties of metals and chemical properties of nonmetals
  24. 49. a homogeneous mixture of a solute or solutes dissolved in a solvent
  25. 50. a unit of concentration for solutions, used most frequently for solutions made up of a solid solute dissolved in a liquid solvent (grams solute/grams solution)x100
  26. 51. anything that has mass and takes up space
  27. 52. the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element
  28. 53. elements spaced at periodic intervals based on atomic number have similar chemical properties
  29. 59. the physical states in which matter can occur: solid, liquid, & gas
  30. 60. a combination of element symbols and numbers that gives the exact composition and makeup of a pure substance
  31. 62. a general name for any group VIIA element; the most reactive nonmetals that are missing 1 valence electron
  32. 65. the tiny, positively charged core of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons
  33. 67. a process under which a pure substance becomes a different substance or substances
  34. 68. any element in groups IB through VIIIB of the periodic table
  35. 69. a general name for any element in group VIA
  36. 70. a change in a pure substance that leaves it as the same substance but in a different physical state
Down
  1. 2. matter that consists of two or more substances in variable amounts
  2. 3. a procedure carried out to study a phenomenon or to test a theory
  3. 4. a subatomic particle that has a mass approximately equal to that of the hydrogen atom, carries zero electrical charge, and is located in the nucleus of an atom
  4. 5. the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
  5. 6. a strong preference or inclination that inhibits impartial judgement
  6. 7. no matter is ever created or destroyed in any chemical reaction
  7. 8. the amounts of the elements in a compound are determined by the identity of the compound
  8. 11. a table of the elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number
  9. 12. the process in which a substance changes from the liquid state to the solid state
  10. 14. a pure substance composed of two or more atoms of different elements
  11. 16. another term for chemical reaction
  12. 18. a unitless number expressing the mass of a particular atom relative to the mass of an atom of carbon-12, which is arbitrarily assigned a mass of exactly 12
  13. 20. a process in which one or more reactants are transformed into one or more products through the breaking of chemical bonds in the reactant molecules and the formation of new chemical bonds in the product molecules
  14. 21. the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the outermost shell of a neutral atom
  15. 22. elements with atomic numbers 90 through 103
  16. 28. another name for chemical periodicity
  17. 31. a pure substance composed of atoms of a single element
  18. 33. an element that tends to lose one or more valence elections in chemical reactions
  19. 34. a substance produced in the course of a chemical reaction by the transformation of one or more reactants
  20. 36. a subatomic particle that has a mass 1/1836 that of a Hydrogen atom, carries an electric charge of -1, and moves about at high velocity around the nucleus of an atom
  21. 38. any element in group VIIIA of the periodic table
  22. 39. a column of the periodic table; these elements have similar valence electron configurations
  23. 42. a change from the gas phase to the liquid phase
  24. 46. exactly one-twelfth the mass of a Carbon-12 atom and equal to 1.66054x10^-24 grams, a.k.a. dalton
  25. 48. any atom or group of atoms carrying either a net negative or a net positive electrical charge
  26. 54. an element that tends to gain one or more valence electrons in a chemical reaction
  27. 55. an electron in the outermost shell of an atom
  28. 56. a change from the liquid phase to the gas phase
  29. 57. a helium nucleus ejected from some radioactive nuclei during a process known as alpha decay
  30. 58. elements arranged on his version of the periodic table have properties similar to those of the elements eight positions to the left and eight positions to the right, a.k.a. the law of octaves
  31. 60. the branch of science that studies matter and the changes it undergoes
  32. 61. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
  33. 63. different forms of an element having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
  34. 64. a tentative explanation for a set of observations
  35. 66. a statement that describes the way things are consistently observed to behave under a given set of circumstances