Christan module 2

123456789101112131415161718192021
Across
  1. 4. : A set phrase or saying whose meaning is not literal but figurative, understood through cultural context rather than word-by-word translation. Examples include "kick the bucket" meaning "to die" or, in Caribbean Creole, "cut your eye" meaning "to show disdain."
  2. 6. : Non-verbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, or body language, that convey emotions, attitudes, or cultural identity. These behaviors often play a significant role in how messages are received, especially in high-context cultures.
  3. 13. : A linguistic phenomenon where an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word is dropped over time in casual speech, leading to shorter, more informal versions of words, e.g., 'cause' for 'because' or 'gainst' for 'against.'
  4. 14. : A variety of everyday spoken language within a community that incorporates features from Creole languages. It reflects a mixing of Standard English with Creole forms and is used in informal settings, often varying by region, e.g., Bajan in Barbados.
  5. 17. : A structured system of communication used by humans, consisting of sounds, words, and grammar. Languages can be grouped into families based on their historical and structural similarities, such as Romance languages (e.g., French, Spanish) or Germanic languages (e.g., English, Dutch).
  6. 19. : A language widely spoken and used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages. English, French, and Spanish are among the most commonly recognized international languages due to their historical spread through colonization, trade, and globalization.
  7. 20. : A regional or social variation of a language distinguished by specific features in pronunciation, vocabulary, and sometimes grammar. Dialects can reflect local identity and culture, e.g., the differences between Jamaican Creole and Trinidadian Creole.
  8. 21. : A language that has a European lexical base (e.g., English, French, Dutch) but a grammar influenced by African and other indigenous languages. Caribbean English Creoles, for example, are based on English vocabulary but have distinct grammatical structures that differ from standard English.
Down
  1. 1. : The practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a single conversation or even within a single sentence. It often reflects cultural identity or the need to adapt to different social contexts, e.g., switching from formal Standard English to Creole when speaking to friends.
  2. 2. :A linguistic phenomenon in which the order of sounds or letters in a word is reversed, e.g., 'flim' for 'film' or 'aks' for 'ask.' It is a common feature in both natural speech errors and some dialects.
  3. 3. : A unique digital representation, such as a username, avatar, or profile icon, used to identify a person or entity in online or electronic environments.
  4. 5. : The insertion of one or more sounds into a word, typically to make pronunciation easier, as in 'Simith' for 'Smith' or 'sumall' for 'small.' This often happens in Creole or regional dialects.
  5. 7. : A language that is legally designated for use in governmental, legal, and formal communications in a country or region. Some countries have multiple official languages, reflecting the diverse linguistic heritage of their populations, e.g., South Africa’s 11 official languages.
  6. 8. : The everyday spoken language used by people in a particular region or community.
  7. 9. : A word or particle that comes before a verb to indicate tense, aspect, or emphasis. In Caribbean English Creoles, these markers modify verbs in ways not typically seen in Standard English, e.g., 'does' in "He does sing" to express habitual action.
  8. 10. : The range of language styles that speakers use depending on the context, from highly formal (e.g., legal or academic speech) to casual and intimate (e.g., conversations with friends or family). Register shifts according to the social situation and the relationship between speakers.
  9. 11. : The unique way an individual uses language, including their choices in vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation. Style can vary based on personal preferences, social identity, and the context of communication.
  10. 12. : The first language that a person learns during childhood, usually spoken in the family and cultural environment. It is often tied to cultural identity and can influence how additional languages are learned.
  11. 15. : The form of a language that is widely accepted as the norm, particularly for formal writing, education, and official purposes. It is often associated with prestige and authority and is taught in schools as the 'correct' form of the language.
  12. 16. : A Creole language that has English as its dominant lexical base, often formed in colonial settings where English was imposed by a ruling minority on an enslaved or oppressed majority. These Creoles retain English vocabulary but have grammar influenced by African or indigenous languages, e.g., Jamaican Patois.
  13. 18. : A fully developed, natural language that emerges from the blending of multiple languages in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate. Creoles usually arise in colonial and trade contexts and become the native language of a community.