civil law of end to end digitalization

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Across
  1. 5. a decentralized communication model where interconnected nodes or individuals share resources or information without the need for a central server. Cryptocurrencies operate on P2P networks to facilitate direct transactions between users.
  2. 9. a programmed event in some cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, where the block rewards earned by miners are reduced by half after a certain number of blocks are mined. Halving events occur periodically to control inflation, scarcity, and mining rewards in the network.
  3. 10. refers to a distributed database where data, once written, cannot be altered or deleted. Blockchain technology provides immutable ledgers for cryptocurrencies to ensure transparency and security.
  4. 11. trusted data sources that provide external information to smart contracts on blockchains. Oracles help smart contracts access real-world data, such as prices, weather conditions, or events, enabling decentralized applications to interact with external systems.
  5. 12. refers to a cryptocurrency wallet that is not connected to the internet, providing offline storage for digital assets to enhance security and protect against hacking attacks.
  6. 17. short for market capitalization, is the total value of all circulating coins or tokens of a cryptocurrency. Market cap is calculated by multiplying the current price per unit by the total circulating supply, indicating the project's relative size and value in the market
  7. 19. the process of validating and adding new transactions to a blockchain by solving complex mathematical problems. Miners are rewarded with newly minted cryptocurrencies for their computational efforts.
  8. 21. a consensus algorithm used in blockchain networks where miners compete to solve complex mathematical puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks. The first miner to find the solution is rewarded with cryptocurrency.
  9. 25. an online platform that allows users to buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies. Exchanges facilitate the conversion of digital assets and provide liquidity for the crypto market.
  10. 26. also known as transaction fee, is the amount of cryptocurrency paid by users to execute transactions, smart contracts, and operations on blockchain networks. Gas fees compensate miners for processing transactions and maintaining network security
  11. 27. a type of cryptocurrency designed to minimize price volatility by pegging its value to a stable asset like fiat currency, commodities, or other cryptocurrencies. Stablecoins provide a reliable medium of exchange and store of value in the crypto market
  12. 28. refers to the computational power or speed at which a miner's hardware can solve cryptographic puzzles and process transactions on a blockchain network. Hash rate is a critical factor in mining operations and network security.
  13. 29. cryptocurrencies that focus on enhancing user anonymity and transaction privacy by employing advanced encryption techniques and privacy protocols. Privacy coins prioritize confidentiality and censorship resistance in financial transactions
  14. 30. refers to the ease and speed at which an asset, such as a cryptocurrency, can be bought or sold in the market without significantly impacting its price. Liquidity is essential for efficient trading, price stability, and market depth in cryptocurrency exchanges.
Down
  1. 1. refers to a category of financial applications and protocols built on blockchain technology that aim to provide decentralized alternatives to traditional financial services such as lending, borrowing, and trading.
  2. 2. occurs in a blockchain when a new set of rules is implemented, resulting in a divergence from the existing protocol. Forks can be classified as soft forks (backwards compatible) or hard forks (non-backwards compatible
  3. 3. a self-governing entity or community run by smart contracts and governed by token holders on a blockchain. DAOs operate without centralized control and enable decentralized decision-making and resource allocation
  4. 4. a mathematical algorithm that converts input data into a fixed-length string of characters. Hash functions are vital for securing transactions in cryptocurrencies by creating unique digital signatures.
  5. 6. refers to interoperability solutions that allow different blockchain networks to communicate and transfer assets seamlessly. Cross-chain technology enables the exchange of digital assets and data across multiple blockchains
  6. 7. a fundraising method in which a project or company issues digital tokens to investors in exchange for funding. ICOs are used to raise capital for blockchain projects and decentralized applications
  7. 8. refers to adherence to laws, regulations, and guidelines set by governmental authorities or financial institutions governing the use of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. Compliance measures are essential for ensuring legal operation and risk management in the crypto industry.
  8. 13. refers to the act of spending the same cryptocurrency tokens or digital assets more than once by exploiting vulnerabilities in a blockchain network. Double spending attacks can undermine the security and trustworthiness of digital transactions.
  9. 14. known as a seed phrase or mnemonic, is a series of words used to restore access to a cryptocurrency wallet in case of loss, theft, or device failure. Recovery phrases ensure secure backup and restoration of wallet funds
  10. 15. a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. Smart contracts automatically enforce and execute the terms of the contract when predefined conditions are met.
  11. 16. a unique digital asset that represents ownership or proof of authenticity for a specific item, art piece, collectible, or virtual asset. NFTs are indivisible, verifiable on blockchains, and are used in digital art, gaming, and collectibles
  12. 18. a unique alphanumeric string used to receive, send, or store digital assets in a cryptocurrency wallet. Wallet addresses serve as identifiers for transactions and ensure accurate delivery of funds between users on blockchain networks.
  13. 20. refers to government-issued currencies that are not backed by a physical commodity such as gold or silver. Fiat currencies, like the US Dollar or Euro, are used as legal tender for commerce and trade, and serve as a benchmark for cryptocurrency prices
  14. 22. a formal document that outlines the technology, features, goals, and economics of a blockchain project or cryptocurrency. Whitepapers provide detailed information to investors, developers, and stakeholders about the project's vision and implementation
  15. 23. the process of converting real-world assets or rights into digital tokens on a blockchain. Tokens represent ownership, value, or access rights and can be traded or utilized within decentralized applications.
  16. 24. refers to the use of algorithms and computer programs to automatically execute trades in financial markets based on predefined criteria such as price, volume, or timing.