Civil Rights Movement Crossword

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Across
  1. 3. “I have a ______ that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed–we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”
  2. 6. Some SNCC activists had even given King the derisive nickname "_____ _____" for maintaining a safe distance from challenges to the Jim Crow laws.
  3. 7. Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 to challenge the non-enforcement of United States Supreme Court decisions which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.
  4. 8. The Birmingham clashes and other simultaneous civil rights efforts prompted President ______ to push for passage of new civil rights legislation.
  5. 12. A group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
  6. 13. After M.L.K.’s death, who took over his leadership position as the new face of the struggle for racial equality?
  7. 16. An act that banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment practices and ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by public accommodations.
  8. 18. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was awarded the _____ ______ Prize , the youngest man to receive the award; he was 35 years of age.
  9. 20. The SCLC planned march from Selma to the state capitol in Montgomery on March 7 ended when mounted police using tear gas and wielding clubs attacked the protesters and was accordingly nicknamed _____ _____.
  10. 24. What was the summer when three civil rights workers disappeared who were found weeks later, murdered by conspirators who turned out to be local members of the Klan nicknamed?
  11. 26. A fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary who was arrested on June 8, 1968, in London at Heathrow Airport, extradited to the United States, and charged with the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
  12. 30. On August 28, 1963, more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., for a political rally known as the March on ______ for Jobs and Freedom.
  13. 31. A group focused on opposition to the Civil Rights Movement, often using violence and murder to suppress activists.
  14. 32. A movement that practiced armed self-defense in addition to nonviolent direct action in response to teenagers being jailed for sitting at a Woolworth's lunch counter.
  15. 33. In 1909 Du Bois and other African American leaders joined with white proponents of racial equality to form the National Association for the _____ of Colored People(NAACP), which became the country’s most enduring civil rights organization.
  16. 34. A _____ to desegregate Birmingham's downtown merchants, rather than total desegregation-similar to Albany.
  17. 35. A Supreme Court case which unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
  18. 36. On September 24, President Eisenhower ordered the 101st Airborne Division of the ______ ______ ______ to Little Rock and federalized the entire 10,000-member Arkansas National Guard.
  19. 37. Highly publicized confrontations between nonviolent protesters (including schoolchildren) and police with clubs, fire hoses, and police dogs took place in _______.
  20. 39. _____ (abbr.) emerged as the Montgomery Bus Boycott movement’s most effective leader due to his unique conciliatory and oratorical skills and his vision for a full-scale nonviolent movement.
Down
  1. 1. Another term for the Civil Rights Movement was, "______ movement"
  2. 2. ______ ______ laws at the local and state levels that barred black people from classrooms, bathrooms, theaters, train cars, juries and legislatures.
  3. 4. What court decision stated that the country’s founders had viewed blacks as so inferior that they had “no rights which the white man was bound to respect.”
  4. 5. An event when more than one thousand students skipped school on May 2nd to march out of the 16th Street Baptist Church fifty at a time in an attempt to walk to City Hall to speak to Birmingham's mayor about segregation.
  5. 9. A political movement to achieve a form of Black Power that saw various forms of activism- some violent and some peaceful, all hoping to achieve black empowerment.
  6. 10. What type of American sports team started the Boycott of New Orleans after being discriminated against in instances regarding transportation, hotels and businesses within the city?
  7. 11. In ______, provisions such as poll taxes, residency requirements, and literacy tests, made registration more complicated and stripped blacks from voter rolls and voting.
  8. 14. In 1958, ______ ______ were sponsored in Drug Stores that attempted to change the store's segregation policy.
  9. 15. Martin Luther King is arrested and jailed during anti-segregation protests in Birmingham, ______ where he writes his seminal "Letter from Birmingham Jail," arguing that individuals have the moral duty to disobey unjust laws.
  10. 17. The civil rights movement has been called the Second _____.
  11. 19. A black woman who refused to give up her seat to a white bus rider, thereby defying a southern custom that required blacks to give seats toward the front of buses to whites.
  12. 21. The Rumford Fair Housing Act was passed in what state in 1963?
  13. 22. On February 1, 1960, four freshmen at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College began a wave of student sit-ins designed to end _____ at southern lunch counters.
  14. 23. The SNCC was a _____-led group was even more aggressive in its use of nonviolent direct action tactics than King’s SCLC.
  15. 25. What party practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism through mass organizing and community based programs?
  16. 26. Which President signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on August 6 that suspended poll taxes, literacy tests, and other subjective voter registration tests.
  17. 27. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was brought about mostly in response to the _____ bus boycotts.
  18. 28. Barbara Johns led a student walkout at a _____ _____, which suffered from overcrowding and poor facilities. The demonstration was one of the local efforts that culminated in the Brown decision.
  19. 29. Civil rights activists used ______ protest and civil disobedience to bring about change.
  20. 38. An American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks to his admirers, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans and a preacher of racism and violence for those opposed.