Classical Civilizations

3. – Common citizen or lower-class worker in ancient Rome.
5. – Greek military formation of soldiers standing close with shields and spears.
6. System – Social hierarchy in India determining occupation and social status.
9. – A series of rulers from the same family, common in Chinese history.
10. – An independent city that governs itself and its surrounding territory, common in ancient Greece.
12. – Government where citizens elect representatives to make decisions, as in ancient Rome.
15. – A large political unit controlling many peoples and territories under one ruler.
16. – The study of knowledge, truth, and existence; important in Greek culture.
18. – Chinese philosophy emphasizing respect, family, and social order.
19. – System of government with appointed officials managing different departments.
20. Road – Major trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean world.

1. – Blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures spread by Alexander the Great.
2. Service – System in China where officials gained positions through exams based on merit.
4. – A structure built by Romans to carry water over long distances.
7. – A political body in ancient Rome that advised leaders and helped make laws.
8. of Heaven – Chinese belief that rulers gain or lose power based on divine approval.
11. Tables – Early written code of Roman laws ensuring citizens’ rights.
13. Romana – “Roman Peace,” a long period of stability and prosperity in the Roman Empire.
14. – Government ruled by citizens who vote on decisions, first developed in Athens.
17. – Wealthy landowning class in ancient Rome.