Coasts and Marine Processes

1. – A natural rock bridge formed when a cave breaks through a headland.
3. – A pillar of rock left standing after an arch collapses.
4. – A curved inlet of the sea, usually with a beach, formed by erosion of softer rock.
7. – Waves with a strong swash and weak backwash that deposit material, building up the beach.
8. – A flat, rocky surface left behind as cliffs retreat due to erosion.
10. – The distance over which wind blows across open water to generate waves.
14. – When waves lose energy and drop the sediment they are carrying.
15. – A spit that connects an island to the mainland
16. – A ridge of sand or shingle that forms across a bay, cutting it off from the sea.
17. – A narrow stretch of sand or shingle extending from the coast into the sea, formed by longshore drift.
18. – A hollow in a cliff face formed by wave erosion.

1. - When waves throw sand, pebbles, and rocks against cliffs, wearing them away.
2. – Waves with a weak swash and strong backwash that erode the coastline.
4. – The backward movement of water down a beach after a wave breaks.
5. action – The force of water compressing air in cracks, causing rock to break apart.
6. – The wearing away of rocks by the action of waves, wind, and tides.
9. – The movement of sediment along the coast by wave action.
11. – A section of land jutting out into the sea, made of resistant rock.
12. – The process where rocks and pebbles carried by waves collide and break into smaller, smoother pieces.
13. – The dissolving of soluble rocks, like limestone, by seawater.
17. – The forward movement of a wave up a beach.