Cold War

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Across
  1. 3. The February 1945 conference of Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill in the Soviet city of Yalta aimed to collaborate on plans for a postwar Europe, including the division of Germany into four Allied-controlled zones.
  2. 5. Founded in 1944 between U.S. and 43 other nations in the end of WWII; bank was designed to provide loans to help countries recover from the war and develop their economies; much of the funds came from the United States
  3. 10. competitionfor control of space between the US and Soviet Union
  4. 11. 1950s trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, accused of espionage and executed in 1953 (the only civilians executed for spying during the Cold War)
  5. 14. US foreign policy with regard to communism; officially named by George Kennan, a U.S. diplomat at the Soviet embassy during the Truman regime after Stalin attacked capitalism; US aimed to contain, or stop, the spread of communism
  6. 17. US and USSR; nations that influence or control less powerful states
  7. 18. economic system, also known as a command economy, in which small farms are joined together in collectives, eliminating private agriculture as land is co-owned by the state; adopted by communist countries
  8. 19. new global organization founded in 1945 following a conference aimed to design a replacement for the League of Nations; goal is international peacekeeping
  9. 21. Soviet response to the Marshall Plan with largely the same purpose; created COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)
  10. 23. 1947 foreign policy of US, primarily in Europe, aimed at supporting nations at risk of falling to communism (primarily Greece and Turkey) by providing funds to those countries so they wouldn’t be reliant on the USSR
  11. 27. people who believed in communist ideology but did not join the party; targets of loyalty oaths and the HUAC
  12. 28. term for the communist-ruled states of the Eastern Bloc, including Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary; coined from Churchill’s speech. Consisted of a physical barrier (fence) and ideological barrier aiming to stop the flow of ideas into communist countries; symbol of growing barrier between East and West
  13. 29. proxy war fought between North and South Korea, each defended and supported by US (South) and USSR (North)
  14. 30. early Cold War years; shaped by anxiety and terror of another atomic bomb
  15. 31. reckless persecution of innocent people led by Joseph McCarthy, Wisconsin Senator and head of Government Committee on Operations; led to increased anxiety and fear
Down
  1. 1. panel formed by the UN that designed strict controls on nuclear arms; notably came up with the Baruch plan which limited USSR ability to build bombs
  2. 2. 1951 agency created to organize and train citizens to work with the armed forced and emergency services during war or natural disaster (including drills in school)
  3. 4. July 1945 conference of Truman, Stalin and Churchill in Potsdam, near Berlin; aimed to finalize postwar plans for Germany, including dividing Berlin into occupation zones, but marked rising tensions between US and USSR given that Truman withheld information about the atomic bomb and given the fact that Stalin refused to promise free elections in the growing Eastern Bloc.
  4. 6. total dominance
  5. 7. formed in 1938 to investigate subversive organizations; turned full focus on communism
  6. 8. USSR response to NATO; security alliance created in 1955 that included USSR, Bulgaria, and Romania
  7. 9. imposed a blockade on Berlin, halting land travel into Allied zones and hoping to force forfeit of Allied-controlled Berlin; evaded with the Berlin Airlift
  8. 12. combination of willingness to use nuclear weapons and deterrence between US + USSR (i.e., knowledge of devastating results for both sides)
  9. 13. declared in 1948 by the UN; proclaimed rights to life, liberty and equality before the law, as well as the freedom of religion, expression, and assembly
  10. 15. international military alliance of US, Canada, and western European countries in response to the Soviet bloc states; member nations pledged to defend others in an attack
  11. 16. power released by nuclear reaction, and main focus of the arms race between US + USSR
  12. 20. A government's strategy of dealing with other nations
  13. 22. working class in a communist society
  14. 24. recovery plan that offered all European nations, including the Soviet Union, generous funding to rebuild their economies postwar as long as that money was spent on US-produced goods; reinforced Truman Doctrine and containment 1948-52
  15. 25. US Cold War foreign policy to stop the spread of communism
  16. 26. poor,developing nations that did not fall into the “First World” (western) or “Second World” (eastern); most had emerged recently from colonial rule; some aligned with the US or USSR, and others, like India, remained Non-Aligned