Cold War Vocab and Key Terms

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Across
  1. 2. war - a war in which one or both sides are supported by, and serve the interests of, another country
  2. 3. Doctrine: The Truman Doctrine was a declaration by President Truman, promising that the United States would give aid to any country threatened by communism.
  3. 6. zone (dee-MIH-luh-tuh-ryzd zohn) n. an area where weapons and military forces are forbidden. Details: The 38th parallel is a region that separates North Korea from South Korea. In 1953, the two sides in the Korean War signed a truce that called for neutrality at the 38th parallel.
  4. 8. Plan: Named after Secretary of State George C. Marshall, the Marshall Plan was proposed by President Truman to help rebuild Europe’s postwar economies and restore prosperity. The plan worked with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
  5. 9. Curtain: Iron Curtain is a Cold War term used to describe the political and military barrier that separated the people of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union from Western Europe.
  6. 11. (nahn-uh-LYN-muhnt) n. a policy of not allying with other countries, specifically with either the communist or noncommunist countries during the Cold War.
  7. 13. Nations: The United Nations was established in 1945 and its purpose was to maintain international peace and security through diplomacy. The main bodies include the General Assembly and the Security Council.
  8. 14. the Cold War, India’s prime minister tried to move toward nonalignment and remain neutral. However, the British divided, or partitioned, India into two separate states based on religious differences.
  9. 17. (moo-ja-hih-DEEN) n. Islamic guerilla fighters. Details: During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the United States and Pakistan helped the mujahideen.
  10. 21. and the Cuban Revolution: The American Mafia controlled Havana’s casinos, and American business interests supported the country’s dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Castro returned from Mexico to Cuba to prepare for battle against the Cuban army. Castro promoted populism and started the Cuban Revolution to overthrow Batista. As Castro passed laws that began to turn Cuba into a communist nation, the United States placed an embargo on Cuba.
  11. 23. Race between the U.S. and Soviet Union: The American government felt it needed to be superior to the Soviet government in every way. American citizens were excited about the possibility of space exploration. Soviet citizens were enthralled by space exploration and the government also aimed to prove its superiority. President John F. Kennedy was determined to have an American walk on the moon, to prove that the United States was more advanced than the Soviet Union.
  12. 24. and Soviet Split: The Soviet model of industrial and agricultural growth was slow. Mao admired Stalin’s cult of personality, modeling his own after the Soviet leader’s. Stalin’s successor, Premier Khrushchev, criticized Stalin and implemented political reforms that weakened censorship and tensions with the West. Mao preferred his own strong anti-capitalist and anti-imperialist views. So, he launched the Hundred Flowers Campaign. However, he didn’t like what the intellectuals had to say about his leadership and the Communist Party, so he had them imprisoned and exiled. Mao divided the Communist Party into two factions: expert and red.
  13. 26. Race between the U.S. and Soviet Union: The United States and the Soviet Union chose to avoid war because of the toll it would take on the world. But billions of dollars were spent building nuclear weapons and strengthening militaries in a competition for military superiority. Both American and Soviet civilians feared nuclear war. The United States and the Soviet Union used spies and other agencies to help them with their political goals.
  14. 28. - to rigidly train in a theory or doctrine
  15. 29. policy - a U.S. Cold War policy of providing military and economic aid to protect countries from communist takeover
  16. 31. (truh-STEE-shihp) n. the administrative control over a territory by one or more countries. Details: Since Korea was divided at 38 degrees north of the equator, this trusteeship gave Soviets control of the norther portion of Korea and gave Americans control of the southern portion of Korea. At the Potsdam Conference, the countries in control agreed that this trusteeship would last for five years.
  17. 32. (AY-thee-ih-zuhm) n. the belief that God does not exist. Details: The Catholic people of Poland were angry about the policies imposed on them by Stalin, which included the beliefs of atheism.
  18. 34. Great Leap Forward: Mao Zedong had faith in the common people of China. Mao wanted to harness their revolutionary spirit. The steel produced in communal furnaces was of poor quality. Food production declined and approximately 30 million people died in a famine. The Communist Party secretly reduced Mao’s authority
  19. 35. Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): NATO was a 1949 treaty between the United States, Canada, and the European democracies agreeing to a collective defense.
  20. 37. Khrushchev and the Cuban Missile Crisis: Nikita Khrushchev secretly sent nuclear missiles to Cuba after developing closer ties to Castro. When the United States discovered the missiles, both sides engaged in a military standoff known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Down
  1. 1. of American States (OAS): The OAS was formed in 1948 to fight communism in the Americas and maintain peace among North and South American states. It aims to promote democracy, defend human rights, ensure security, and foster development and prosperity.
  2. 4. (reh-fuh-REHN-duhm) n. a public vote on a single political question. Details: The result of a referendum initiated by French President de Gaulle gave former French colonies the freedom to control their own internal affairs; however, the French retained control over their economic policy, foreign affairs, and military.
  3. 5. - straying from the revolutionary spirit of Marxist doctrine
  4. 7. (pahr-TIH-shuhn) n. the division of a country
  5. 10. - the inability to pay debts; bankruptcy
  6. 12. - a political movement that supports the concerns of common people
  7. 15. (nee-oh-kuh-LOHN-yuh-lihzuhm) n. the continuation of dependence on, and domination by, a colonial power. Details: African nations lacked the expertise and capital to develop their own economy. They borrowed money from European nations whose economies were stronger.
  8. 16. state - a country that is formally independent but under the control or influence of another country
  9. 18. Cuba, and the Soviet Union: The Soviet Union helped Castro turn Cuba into a communist country, and Cuba relied on the Soviet Union to buy exported agricultural products and import industrial goods.
  10. 19. effect - the belief that if one country becomes communist, its neighbors will fall to communism
  11. 20. commune - in China, a grouping of collective farms in which people lived and worked together to produce both crops and industrial goods
  12. 22. bloc - a group of nations under the control of the Soviet Union
  13. 25. Civil War: Beginning in the 1920s, Mao Zedong and his People’s Liberation Army clashed with Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist government. The Nationalists fought the Communists intermittently for years, uniting only briefly against the Japanese in 1937. In 1949, Mao and his Communist Party won the civil war and established the People’s Republic of China. Chiang Kai shek and his Nationalist followers fled to Taiwan and established the Republic of China. Communists created cooperatives, expanded educational opportunities, formed youth organizations, and enrolled workers in state-sponsored unions. Citizens were indoctrinated in “Mao Zedong Thought.”
  14. 27. Pact: As a result of the formation of NATO, the Soviet Union formed an alliance with Eastern European nations, known as the Warsaw Pact.
  15. 30. (uh-PAHR-tayt) n. a system of racial segregation and discrimination against nonwhite South Africans that lasted until the early 1990s. Details: The National Party in South Africa denied nonwhites many basic human rights. They controlled where these individuals could live and work, what they could and couldn’t study, and who they could marry.
  16. 33. are the terms nonalignment and partition related?
  17. 36. Conference: The Yalta Conference was a meeting between Allied powers to arrange Germany’s unconditional surrender and to plan for the aftermath of World War II. President Roosevelt’s goal was to get Stalin to cooperate in founding the United Nations. Another goal was to create a plan for Eastern European countries following the war.