Colonial Mexico

5. a native leader or chief in colonial Mexico, often responsible for maintaining peace and order among indigenous communities and negotiating with Spanish colonizers.
7. emit sparks of fire or electricity.
8. a Spanish soldier or explorer who conquered and settled in the Americas, often accompanied by indigenous people or African slaves.
9. relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries.
10. a system of forced labor where indigenous people were required to work for Spanish colonizers, often in exchange for protection or goods.
12. a cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially a grain, fruit, or vegetable.
13. a town mayor or magistrate in colonial Mexico, often responsible for maintaining law and order and collecting taxes.
14. a person of mixed European and indigenous ancestry, often born in Mexico or the Americas.
15. the illegal movement of goods into or out of a country.
16. cease developing; become inactive or dull.
18. acquire (something) by paying for it; buy.
20. a traditional healer or medicine woman in colonial Mexico, often using folk remedies and spiritual practices to treat illnesses and ailments.

1. de habitación a type of residential building in colonial Mexico, often used as a residence for Spanish colonizers or criollo (mixed-race) families.
2. the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine.
3. to trade by exchanging one comodity for another
4. (of a business or activity) yielding profit or financial gain.
6. a forced labor tax imposed on indigenous people to support the construction of Spanish buildings, roads, and other infrastructure.
11. a system of granting Spanish colonizers control over a specific group of indigenous people, often in exchange for protection and spiritual guidance.
17. a large estate or plantation, typically owned by a Spanish landowner or noble, where indigenous people or African slaves worked to produce crops such as sugarcane, coffee, and cotton.
19. unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than is necessary: harsh criticism. The children had had a harsh upbringing.