constitutional

4. and maritime law: comes from the general maritime law of nations and has been modified to also apply to the Great Lakes and all navigable rivers in the United States.
5. budget: a philosophy with the objective of not spending more money than is taken in by the government.
9. a group of governmental officials who head various departments in the Executive Branch and advise the president.

1. of Rights: the first ten amendments to the Constitution that were adopted in 1791. These are the basic rights that all Americans have and its purpose is protect the people from the government.
2. tendency doctrine: allows legislatures to make illegal speech that could encourage people to engage in illegal action.
3. of attainder: a legislative act that authorizes punishment for a person even though he or she was not found guilty by a court of law.
5. emphasizes cooperation between the major political parties.
6. a formal change to the United States Constitution. As of 2008 there are twenty-seven amendments or “changes” to the Constitution.
7. and balances: a system set by the Constitution in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government have the power to check each other to maintain a “balance” of power.
8. legislature: refers to a two-house legislature.
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