Contaminants in the Environment - Final Exam Study Aid

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Across
  1. 3. Type of aquifer where an impermeable layer of rock or substrate restricts movement through soils above an aquifer.
  2. 5. Describes how quickly water moves vertically through the soil profile from the soil surface to an aquifer.
  3. 7. Designation of the individual who can complete an Environmental Site Assessment (based on profession, education, and experience).
  4. 9. Variation in amount of contaminant in soils often due to temporal differences in contaminant release.
  5. 11. Type of infrastructure that uses natural elements or ecosystem features as components of design and development.
  6. 12. Point where water vapor in air begins to condense forming clouds.
  7. 15. Top of area in soil profile that is saturated with groundwater.
  8. 16. Lapse rate describing the rate of temperature decrease with increased elevation.
  9. 17. Particles that spend the majority of their time on the river bottom.
  10. 18. Measures used to help achieve target levels of risk that are equal to site condition standards.
  11. 20. Defined, self-contained body of air.
  12. 21. Describes how easily surface or groundwater can become polluted.
  13. 22. Capture zone describing how quickly water moves horizontally through the aquifer to the well or from upstream to downstream in surface water bodies.
  14. 23. Potentially contaminated land due to historical industrial and commercial land uses.
  15. 24. Probability that a contaminant will cause human or environmental harm.
  16. 25. Process distributing contaminant, elongating it as it moves downstream because water at the center of the river moves faster related to friction at river bottom and riverbanks.
  17. 27. The use of various techniques to reduce or eliminate a contaminant.
  18. 28. Remediation technique where the environmental medium is left in place and remediated.
  19. 29. A wall constructed using plant material that naturally filters indoor air pollutants.
  20. 30. A report completed by a qualified person and filed on the Environmental Site Registry that documents the results of one or more environmental site assessments.
  21. 32. Amount of time water stays in a lake based on volume and water loss.
  22. 33. A subsurface drainage system used to remove excess water from agricultural fields.
  23. 34. Air pollution containing gases and aerosol particles that results in poor air quality and reduced visibility.
  24. 36. System that is man-made or largely controlled by anthropogenic activities.
  25. 39. Area of land that catches precipitation and drains into surface water bodies.
  26. 40. Condition in the atmosphere where temperature increases with elevation.
  27. 42. Process where there is no transfer of heat or energy across an air parcels boundaries.
  28. 43. Height of the water table.
  29. 44. Circular motion of water when water passes an obstacle and water move contrary to direction of the main current.
  30. 45. Standards based on property type that identifies that maximum allowable concentration of contaminants in soil and water on a property.
  31. 46. Step in the Environmental Site Assessment process that involves a detailed investigation and assessment of a property to determine the type and extent of contamination.
Down
  1. 1. Diagram providing a visualization of groundwater flow based on lines of equal hydraulic head.
  2. 2. Treatment systems that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and microbial populations to improve water quality.
  3. 4. Occur in dry soil; a type of preferential pathway where water/contaminant infiltrates with gravity but doesn’t infiltrate evenly thus creating finger like patterns.
  4. 6. Activities used to mitigate or prevent environmental issues.
  5. 8. Variation in amount of contaminant in soils due to spatial differences in contaminant release.
  6. 10. A phased approach to evaluate environmental conditions at a brownfield site.
  7. 13. An innovative approach to land development mimicking the natural movement of water in order to manage stormwater.
  8. 14. Layer of porous substrate that contains and transmits groundwater.
  9. 19. Ease of movement through soil or rock pore spaces.
  10. 26. A scientific examination of the nature and magnitude of contamination risk.
  11. 31. Cells of atmospheric circulation related to heat being transported to the poles.
  12. 32. Difference in hydraulic head between two points such that water flows from high hydraulic head to low hydraulic head.
  13. 35. Type of aquifer where water can flow directly between the soil surface and an aquifer.
  14. 37. Large pore spaces in soil; a type of preferential pathway that allows easy movement of water and air.
  15. 38. Remediation technique where the environmental medium is removed from the site and remediated.
  16. 41. Step in the Environmental Site Assessment process that is focused on a high-level, preliminary assessment of a site based on background research.