Cost and benefits of Coastal Management strategies

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Across
  1. 1. (HARD ENGINEERING) groynes do however have high __ costs
  2. 4. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach replenishment has its downsides as it can affect __ movement along the coast
  3. 5. (HARD ENGINEERING) sea walls act as __ protecting the land behind it when waves attack.
  4. 6. (HARD ENGINEERING) groynes last around 50-__ years
  5. 8. (HARD ENGINEERING) sea walls do not require much maintenance but they can cost __ to build and maintain.
  6. 11. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach replenishment has its downsides as removing material from the seabed can affect fragile __ (corals, sponges)
  7. 16. (HARD ENGINEERING) groynes aren't as costly as rock armour at around £__,__ per structure
  8. 17. (HARD ENGINEERING) curved sea walls __ wave energy
  9. 20. (HARD ENGINEERING) groynes work to reduce the process of __ __
  10. 23. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach replenishment is great as it __ the beachfront, which already absorbs wave energy.
  11. 24. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach reprofiling is used to prevent material washing away with ease in the event of a __.
  12. 25. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach reprofiling is used to increase the __ of a sloping beach.
  13. 26. (SOFT ENGINEERING) soft engineering is usually __ but doesn’t last as long.
  14. 27. (HARD ENGINEERING) groynes help to widen beaches and slow down beach __
  15. 29. (HARD ENGINEERING) groynes reduce longshore drift by catching ___ being moved by longshore drift.
  16. 30. (MANAGED RETREAT) 2- after coastal defences are removed, land gradually turns into flooded __, protecting the area behind.
  17. 31. (SOFT ENGINEERING) dune regeneration…
Down
  1. 1. (HARD ENGINEERING) rock armour requires no __
  2. 2. (HARD ENGINEERING) hard engineering is usually more __, but lasts longer.
  3. 3. (MANAGED RETREAT) 1- managed retreat removes some or all coastal defences to allow for the c__ to move naturally
  4. 7. (HARD ENGINEERING) rock armour works by __ wave energy.
  5. 9. (HARD ENGINEERING) sea walls can protect against both erosion and __ in the instance that the wall is high enough.
  6. 10. (MANAGED RETREAT) 3- this natural approach requires no maintenance and creates new __ for animals and plants
  7. 12. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach replenishment is when a __ feeds sand and shingle from the water bed out of a pump onto a beach.
  8. 13. (HARD ENGINEERING) rock armour can be costly, up to £__,__ per metre
  9. 14. (MANAGED RETREAT) There is a problem: as the sea takes the land, it causes conflict, loss of livelihood and s__ damage to ecosystems.
  10. 15. (HARD ENGINEERING) step-shaped sea walls allow the waves energy to d__ into the cracks of the steps.
  11. 18. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach replenishment is used to replenish sediment previously lost to __
  12. 19. (HARD ENGINEERING) rock armour is heavy, robust rock protecting the stretch of a __
  13. 21. (HARD ENGINEERING) sea walls can last up to __ years
  14. 22. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach reprofiling is low cost and looks __.
  15. 28. (SOFT ENGINEERING) beach replenishment has its downsides as it needs to be __ regularly, increasing the cost