Court Systems & Structures
Across
- 4. process of choosing potential jurors by disqualifying biased people who cannot be neutral or fair
- 8. are divided into trial courts and appellate courts
- 10. to be released from criminal charges
- 17. only hear civil cases; hear cases involving a limited amount of money; only allow damages of up to $3,000 to be recovered
- 18. reasonable doubt is not required
- 19. records the official record of the trial; these word-for-word transcripts are used in appeals
- 20. person against whom a crime has been committed
- 21. neutral panels established by government agencies to settle a variety of disputes among different parties of people and businesses
- 25. agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant to end the dispute
- 27. final ruling by the judge based on the evidence presented in the discovery, often requested by the defendant to avoid going to trial
- 28. occurs when the judge determines there is no issue of fact or law, effectively ending the case
- 33. dispute between two or more parties consisting of the first party, or plaintiff accusing the second party, or defendant, of causing injury or damage to the
- 35. considered a reviewing court and determine appeals from the decisions of the trial courts; are generally called Supreme Courts of the State as they are the highest level of court system within a state
- 36. includes the right of each party to obtain and present witnesses and evidence (such as documents and physical objects)
Down
- 1. decide more than 95 percent of the nation’s legal cases; can handle cases which may appeal all the way to the federal court level if a federal issue is
- 2. officer in charge of the court proceeding; ensures all evidence used in the trial is legal, instructs the jury and typically provides the sentence when a defendant is convicted
- 3. when one party fails to perform under the requirements of a valid agreement with another party (contracts can be written or verbal)
- 5. consists of opening statements by attorneys, direct and cross-examination of
- 6. attorney who is hired or appointed by the state or federal government to represent the plaintiff or the state
- 7. occurs when parties disclose any evidence obtained proving the argued facts; used to push for settlements between parties so trial does not have to take place or to make trials more effective
- 9. introduces the evidence and facts from the pleadings and pretrial procedure
- 11. argument between the two parties regarding the events which took place and caused the lawsuit to arise
- 12. transfer of a case from a lower to a higher level for a new hearing
- 13. law has been broken requiring the state to bring charges against the offender; there must not be any reasonable doubt of guilt
- 14. represents the defendant and ensures the defendant is protected according to the law
- 15. and closing arguments by attorneys
- 16. responsible for deciding what is true in a case and in a criminal case, deciding whether or not the defendant has committed a crime
- 22. party denying or defending against allegations made by the plaintiff
- 23. party initiating a lawsuit against an organization or individual
- 24. argument between the two parties in regards to which legal rules apply to the facts stated in the pleading
- 26. jury’s final decision based on all of the facts and evidence presented in the trial
- 29. determines the outcome of the case
- 30. hear all criminal cases other than minor offenses; can also be called county, district, superior, circuit or common pleas courts; keep thorough formal records of proceedings in order to have documentation if needed for appeals; do not have a limitation on the dollar amount of damages
- 31. first official court appearance for the defendant; used to inform defendant of official criminal charges, take defendants plea, negotiate bail if necessary and set up dates for further proceedings
- 32. court officer responsible for giving out subpoenas, escorting defendants from jail to the courtroom, representing the jury to the judge and protecting safety of all in the courtroom
- 34. series of formal, written statements in which the plaintiff and defendant both state claims for defense regarding the matter being disputed