CRIJ 3320 eCrossword Puzzle 6

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Across
  1. 2. The belief that there is a survival of the fittest in society.
  2. 4. A pseudoscience that measures facial and other body characteristics and their relationship to personality.
  3. 8. A group of theoretical approaches that look to the personality as the cause of criminal activity.
  4. 11. Responsible for executive cognitive functioning.
  5. 12. Theories that propose that crime is caused by inherited genetic and other biological causes.
  6. 15. The study of the individual human mind, personality, and behavior; the science of behavior and mental processes.
  7. 16. Similar behavior in identical twins.
  8. 25. Similar patterns with respect to criminality.
  9. 27. Surgical alterations of brain tissue in order to alter personality or behavior.
  10. 28. Body types as described by Sheldon: endomorphs, mesomorphs, and ectomorphs.
  11. 29. A scientific or quantitative approach to criminology that searches for pathology, uses the scientific method, and suggests therapy.
  12. 32. The earliest insanity ruling, sometimes called the right/wrong test.
  13. 33. Exposure to high levels of this metal on the brain has been investigated as a culprit of crime.
  14. 34. Minimized the importance of social conditions such as inequality and ignored the extensive literature of the ecological school, and blamed criminality on the individual rather than society.
  15. 35. Attempts to measure personality.
  16. 37. The belief by Goring that criminals were mentally defective.
Down
  1. 1. The pseudoscientific belief that astrological signs such as configurations of the planets or stars influence human behavior.
  2. 3. The surgical removal of the frontal lobes of the brain.
  3. 5. Theory that holds that males have a greater interest in mating and little interest in child rearing and use illegitimate means to maximize their offspring.
  4. 6. Lombroso’s theory that criminals could be denoted on the basis of their facial appearance.
  5. 7. Biological mechanisms that affect gene expression.
  6. 9. A theory proposed by Bandura that looks at the thought processes of the person and external sanctions.
  7. 10. The belief that criminals represent genetic “throwbacks to the ape” or earlier, more primitive humanity.
  8. 13. Claims that sugar consumption (too little or too much) is a causal defense agent in crime; poor nutrition obviates guilt.
  9. 14. The theory that males who possess an extra Y chromosome are more prone to violence.
  10. 15. Originally based on the writings of Sigmund Freud, is an applied branch of psychological theory that employs techniques such as free mental association and dream therapy to diagnose and treat mental problems.
  11. 17. Scientific breeding; attempted to control the perceived onslaught of feeblemindedness.
  12. 18. The use of a system of rewards and punishments in order to modify or engineer behavior.
  13. 19. A psychologist who was the first to use the term "moron" and led the IQ test movement.
  14. 20. Refers to attempts to construct typical characteristics of certain offenders.
  15. 21. Saw criminals as a separate group of people who were defensive and biologically inferior.
  16. 22. A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder.
  17. 23. A pseudoscience that claims to be able to read personality characteristics on the basis of lines on the palm of the hand.
  18. 24. Notion which assumes the mutual exclusivity of criminals (defined as prisoners) and noncriminals (defined as nonprisoners).
  19. 26. A personality disorder in which, due to inadequate childhood socialization, an individual never develops a full range of adult personality.
  20. 30. The pseudoscience that claims to determine personality and intelligence on the basis of the size and shape of a person’s skull.
  21. 31. The single most important trait in distinguishing violence in individuals.
  22. 36. Term used by evolutionary psychologists to refer to criminal, deviant, or antisocial behavior.