Criminology

2. a type of criminal law violation in which parties to the crime willfully participate and in which the element of harm seems remote
11. a relationship between the mens rea, act, and resulting harm
12. the M P C requires a substantial step (significant activity taken) toward the commission of the offense
13. acts remotely leading toward the commission of the offense are not considered as attempts to commit the crime, but acts immediately connected with it are
14. used to determine factual causality
15. holds that behavior cannot be criminal if no law exists that both defines it as illegal and prescribes a punishment for it.

1. Circumstances surrounding a crime can also be classified as aggravating or mitigating and may, by law, be used to lessen or increase the penalty that can be imposed on a convicted offender
3. One that makes an action done before the passing of the law criminal and punishes such action
4. for an attempt to be charged, an act of some sort is necessary
5. another aspect of due process which refers to a statute defining a crime that is so unclear that a reasonable person of at least average intelligence could not determine what the law purports to command or prohibit
6. asks whether the accused had taken the last step or act toward commission of the offense, had performed all that he or she intended and was able to do in an attempt to commit the crime, but for some reason did not complete the crime
7. the need for some identifiable harm as an actual or potential consequence of culpable activity is often cited as a general feature of crime
8. May not be tried a second time for the same offense or punished a second time for the same offense
9. “body of crime”
10. a legislative act punishing a person or a select group of people without the benefit of a judicial trial