Crossword #343

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Across
  1. 2. Latin colony destroyed for revolting against Rome
  2. 4. Toga with purple border worn by Roman magistrates and youths
  3. 5. Emperor who built the massive defensive walls around Rome
  4. 6. Renaissance ducal family who ruled Parma and Piacenza
  5. 8. Battlefield of Scipio Africanus’ victory over Hannibal
  6. 10. Site of Hannibal’s devastating double-envelopment victory
  7. 12. Nymph said to have advised King Numa Pompilius
  8. 16. Roman state archives building overlooking the Forum
  9. 18. HOMINES “New men” who were first in their family to enter the Senate
  10. 20. Stairs in Rome where bodies of executed criminals were displayed
  11. 21. Obscure Umbrian tribe absorbed during Roman expansion
  12. 22. DI RIACE Rare surviving Greek warrior statues found off Calabria
  13. 23. Ancient southern Italian region later called Basilicata
  14. 25. Allied Italian state bound to Rome before universal citizenship
  15. 26. Fortified settlement common in pre-Roman Italy
  16. 28. Birthplace of emperors Trajan and Hadrian in Hispania
Down
  1. 1. Campanian mercenaries whose actions sparked the First Punic War
  2. 3. Annual festival commemorating the expulsion of Rome’s kings
  3. 5. Site of a decisive Roman naval victory over Carthage in Corsica
  4. 7. Secret society active in early 19th-century Italian revolts
  5. 9. Hill west of the Tiber crucial in several early Roman conflicts
  6. 11. Ten-man commission that drafted Rome’s earliest written laws
  7. 13. Nationalist poet who seized Fiume in 1919
  8. 14. Roman construction family known from detailed relief sculpture
  9. 15. PORSENNA Etruscan king who besieged early Republican Rome
  10. 17. Lombard-era sacred pillar destroyed during Christianization
  11. 19. SABINA Wife of Hadrian noted for a politically strained marriage
  12. 20. Long-serving liberal prime minister before World War I
  13. 24. Italian WWI shock troops later influential in Fascist symbolism
  14. 27. Permanent criminal courts established in the late Republic