crossword

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Across
  1. 2. exercise A type of exercise in which a machine is used to control the speed of contraction within the range of motion.
  2. 4. The process of restor-ing function through programmed exercise, to enable a return to competition.
  3. 6. resistance exercise A type of training in which muscles are worked until they reach their capacity; once the athlete is able to main-tain that capacity, the workload on the muscle is increased to further build strength and endurance.
  4. 10. conditioning A program, beginning six to eight weeks prior to sports participation, that allows the body to gradually adapt to the demands to be placed on it.
  5. 12. exercise An activity that causes tension in the muscle to increase but does not cause the muscle to shorten.
  6. 15. An increase in the size of muscle tissue.
  7. 16. The ability of a joint to move freely through its full range of motion.
  8. 17. The ability of particular muscle groups to respond to targeted training, so that increased strength is gained in that muscle group only.
  9. 18. stretching A gradual, slow stretching of the mus-cle through the entire range of motion, then holding the position for 20 to 30 seconds.
  10. 19. The process of muscle atrophy due to disuse, immobilization, or star-vation; leads to decreased strength and muscle mass.
  11. 21. training The use of 6 to 10 strength exercises completed one right after another; each exercise is done by performing a specific number of repetitions or for a specific period of time before moving to the next exercise.
  12. 22. fiber Fiber in a motor unit that requires a long period of time to gen-erate force; these fibers are resistant to fatigue.
Down
  1. 1. Trying to prevent inju-ries before they occur, through a preventative management program.
  2. 3. unit A motor nerve plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates.
  3. 5. The systematic appli-cation of exercise stress sufficient to stim-ulate muscle fatigue, but not so severe that breakdown and injury occur.
  4. 7. Weakness and wasting away of muscle tissue.
  5. 8. neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) A combined relaxing and contracting of the muscles; an initial iso-metric contraction against maximum resis-tance is held at the end of the range of motion, followed by relaxation and passive stretching.
  6. 9. (isotonic) exercise An activity that causes the muscle to contract and shorten.
  7. 11. Moving the joints beyond the normal range of motion.
  8. 13. conditioning An activity that puts an increased demand on the lungs, heart, and other body systems; also known as aerobic or endurance training.
  9. 14. stretching A rhythmical, bouncing action that stretches the muscles a little further each time. Once a pop-ular technique, this form of stretching is rarely used today. Especially when the muscles are cold, ballistic stretching was responsible for increased injuries.
  10. 16. fiber Fiber in a motor unit that produces quick and forceful contrac-tions; these fibers are easily fatigued.
  11. 20. Progressive overwork of muscles, at a con-trolled, increased rate, to achieve consistent gains in strength.