Crossword 9

3. The elimination of many or all pathogenic microorganisms on non-living surfaces.
5. An agent that inhibits the growth or reproduction of bacteria without killing them.
6. The loss of water from a microbial cell when placed in a hypertonic environment, causing the membrane to shrink away from the cell wall.
7. Death The permanent loss of a microorganism’s ability to reproduce or carry out vital functions.
8. The shortest time required to kill all microorganisms in a sample at a specific temperature.
9. An agent that kills bacteria.
10. The mechanical removal of microorganisms to reduce them to safe levels on objects or surfaces.
11. A machine that sterilizes equipment using high-pressure steam and heat.
13. The use of energy waves such as ultraviolet light or X-rays to damage microbial DNA and control microbial growth.
14. The complete destruction or removal of all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and endospores.

1. The use of chemical agents on living tissues to destroy or inhibit microorganisms.
2. A condition where microorganisms grow in the blood or tissues, causing infection and systemic illness.
4. Methods used to reduce or eliminate microorganisms to prevent infection or contamination.
11. A physical or chemical substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
12. Actively growing and metabolizing bacterial cells that are less resistant than endospores.