CROSSWORD VOCAB #9

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Across
  1. 2. A wealthy supporter who funded artists, writers, or scholars during the Renaissance.
  2. 4. Describing an ideal, perfect society that is often unrealistic or impossible to achieve.
  3. 8. A peasant bound to a lord’s land who worked it in return for shelter and protection.
  4. 10. Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who built the largest land empire in history under Genghis Khan.
  5. 12. A 1215 English charter that limited the king’s power and established basic legal rights.
  6. 13. Nomadic horsemen from Central Asia who settled in present‑day Hungary after raiding much of Europe.
  7. 14. A person who pledged loyalty and military service to a lord in exchange for land or protection.
  8. 15. A political and social system where land was exchanged for loyalty, service, and protection.
  9. 16. A self‑sufficient estate controlled by a lord and worked by peasants and serfs.
  10. 18. A legal system based on court decisions and customs rather than written codes.
  11. 20. Concerned with worldly matters rather than religion.
  12. 22. Groups of Indo‑European peoples who lived in Northern and Central Europe and helped bring down the Western Roman Empire.
  13. 24. A long conflict between England and France (1337–1453) over territory and royal succession.
Down
  1. 1. A church‑backed court in Spain that investigated and punished heresy beginning in 1478.
  2. 3. A cultural rebirth of art, learning, and classical ideas that began in Italy in the 1300s.
  3. 5. A Renaissance intellectual movement that emphasized human potential, reason, and classical learning.
  4. 6. The practice of lending money at interest, often considered immoral or illegal in medieval Europe.
  5. 7. A devastating bubonic plague pandemic in the 14th century that killed millions across Europe.
  6. 9. A Germanic people who established a powerful kingdom in Western Europe, especially under Charlemagne.
  7. 11. A series of religious wars in which European Christians attempted to capture the Holy Land from Muslim control.
  8. 17. Germanic peoples who settled in England after the fall of Rome and shaped early English culture.
  9. 19. Relating to the Middle Ages, roughly 500–1500 CE.
  10. 21. A medieval knight’s code of honor emphasizing bravery, loyalty, and courtesy.
  11. 23. A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal under the feudal system.