CS10 Terms Review

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Across
  1. 3. software programs designed to help users perform specific tasks
  2. 4. is the primary "brain" of a computer, responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and managing data flow.
  3. 6. a legendary, massive wooden horse used by the Greeks to breach the city of Troy malware
  4. 9. a crucial hardware component—typically a quartz crystal oscillator—that generates a steady, high-frequency signal to synchronize all CPU and motherboard operations
  5. 11. enter, enroll, or record information in an official system, such as a voter registry, vehicle database, or student roster, often requiring identification and proof of eligibility
  6. 13. Applications (or apps) are software programs designed to help users perform specific tasks,
  7. 15. a fundamental semiconductor device that acts as a miniature, solid-state switch or amplifier, controlling the flow of electricity in modern electronics.
  8. 16. "short-term memory" used for active tasks, while a Hard Drive is its "long-term memory" used for permanent storage
  9. 18. a shared communication pathway—consisting of wires, traces, or fiber—that transfers data, instructions, and power between computer components like the CPU, memory, and peripherals
  10. 19. Authentication a security process requiring two distinct forms of identification to access an account: something you know (password/PIN) and something you have (phone/token) or are (biometric)
  11. 20. universal character encoding standard that assigns a unique number (code point) to every character, symbol, and emoji, regardless of the platform, program, or language
Down
  1. 1. the smallest, most basic unit of data in computing and digital communications
  2. 2. a critical component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that acts as the "brain" by managing and coordinating the execution of instructions
  3. 5. a type of system software designed to analyze, configure, optimize, and maintain a computer's infrastructure
  4. 7. are primarily used for high-capacity storage where cost-per-terabyte is more important than speed
  5. 8. a 7-bit character encoding standard representing 128 characters (0–127), including English letters (a-z, A-Z), digits (0-9), punctuation, and control codes
  6. 10. is a tool—either software-based malware or physical hardware—that silently records every keystroke made on a device to steal passwords
  7. 12. a base-2 number system using only digits 0 and 1 to represent data, instructions, and calculations in computing
  8. 14. a deceptive cybercrime where attackers impersonate trusted entities via email, text, or phone to steal sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, and banking details
  9. 17. the central circuit board of a computer that connects and facilitates communication between all internal components, including the CPU, RAM, and storage