Culture

2. The lifestyle, values, and attitudes people learn from their social background (Bourdieu).
7. Socialisation, The process of learning cultural expectations of masculinity and femininity through family, media, and peers.
9. Baudrillard’s idea that media images have replaced reality, so people live in a world of simulations.
11. A system where men hold power and control over women in society. Feminists argue this shapes culture and identity.
12. Culture, A culture focused on buying goods and services to express identity or gain social status.
13. Self, Cooley’s idea that we form our identity based on how we think others see us.
15. When individuals are categorised (e.g., “troublemaker” or “deviant”) by others, which can shape their identity and self-concept.
16. The lifelong process of learning culture — how we learn norms, values, and behaviours from family, peers, and wider society.
17. Gramsci’s concept that the ruling class maintains power by persuading others to accept its values as “common sense.”

1. The shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours of a group or society. It shapes how people live and see the world.
3. Needs, Marcuse’s idea that capitalism makes people believe they need consumer goods to be happy, keeping them distracted from inequality.
4. Capital, Knowledge, tastes, and education that give the middle class an advantage (Bourdieu).
5. Social rules or expectations that guide how people behave in particular situations.
6. Ideas about what is right or wrong, important, or worthwhile in a society.
8. Interactionism, A theory that focuses on how people create and interpret meanings through social interactions.
10. Class Consciousness, Marx’s idea that workers are unaware of their exploitation because they’ve been taught to accept the ruling class’s ideas.
14. The process by which the world becomes increasingly interconnected through trade, media, technology, and migration.