Culture & Heritage

4. “A student who is raised in a home where a non-English language is spoken, who speaks or merely understands the heritage language and who is to some degree bilingual in English and the heritage language.” (Valdés, 2000)
5. An expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values.
6. the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone when they are suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes.
7. The accumulation of knowledge, behaviors, and skills that a person can tap into to demonstrate one's cultural competence and social status.
10. The traditions and living expressions inherited from ancestors and passed on to descendants.
11. The unacknowledged or inappropriate adoption of the customs, practices, ideas, etc. of one people or society by members of another and typically more dominant people or society.

1. The different language resources available to a single person and the values associated with each resource.
2. Objects, artefacts, buildings, places and monuments.
3. Languages other than the dominant language (or languages) in a given social context.
8. Languages spoken by members of minority groups or communities within a majority language context.
9. The cultural interference caused by cultural difference.