D4.3

2. Changes in rainfall patterns that lead to more extreme droughts and floods.
4. Gases like carbon dioxide and methane that trap heat by absorbing long-wave radiation.
6. The decrease in seawater pH caused by the absorption of atmospheric $CO_2$.
8. The movement of mountain species to higher elevations as lower altitudes warm.
9. The direction many species are shifting their range to find cooler climates.
10. A potent greenhouse gas produced by anaerobic bacteria in marshes and ruminants.
12. Thick subsurface layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the year.
14. A critical threshold where climate changes become self-sustaining and irreversible.
15. The long-term storage of carbon in forests, soils, or underground.
16. The whitening of corals when they expel symbiotic algae due to heat stress.
17. The movement of cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface, which can be disrupted by warming.

1. The primary gas released by burning fossil fuels and cellular respiration.
3. The process of building shells or skeletons, which is hindered by acidic waters.
5. The reflectivity of a surface, which decreases as ice melts and reveals dark water.
7. Changes in the environment that are caused by human activities.
11. The process of planting trees in an area that previously had no forest cover.
13. Coal, oil, and gas that release ancient stored carbon when burned.