Definition Chart- Chapter #1

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Across
  1. 3. a revival, renewal, or rebirth of interest in something, such as art, literature, or culture
  2. 5. a long period of unusually dry weather with little or no rain
  3. 7. a sovereign country where the boundaries of a political state align with a group of people who share a common cultural identity, language, or history
  4. 8. system the basic economic and social system in medieval Europe where a wealthy lord owned a self-contained land estate, and peasants or serfs worked the land.
  5. 10. going across or extending across the Sahara Desert.
  6. 17. agriculture-a traditional farming method where people cut down and burn trees and plants in a forest or woodland to clear the land and use the ash as a fertilizer
  7. 18. a professional who designs, creates, and updates maps.
  8. 19. a group of people, animals, or vehicles traveling together on a long journey, or a trailer equipped as living quarters
  9. 20. moving from place to place instead of living in one permanent location
  10. 21. the basic physical and organizational framework that a society, nation, or business needs to operate properly
  11. 22. adapted over generations through selective breeding or training to live closely with and be useful to humans.
  12. 24. Reformation a 16th-century religious, political, and cultural upheaval that split Western Christianity into Roman Catholicism and new Protestant traditions
  13. 26. to travel all the way around something, such as the Earth, an island, or a large landmass.
Down
  1. 1. a philosophical life stance that centers on human value, agency, and potential rather than religious dogma or the supernatural
  2. 2. a state-driven economic system from the 16th to 18th centuries where governments strictly regulate trade to maximize exports, minimize imports, and accumulate gold and silver
  3. 4. long, determined campaign or a passionate struggle to achieve a goal or fix a problem that someone strongly believes in.
  4. 6. the act of allowing yourself or someone else to enjoy a pleasure, or a special treat you give yourself
  5. 9. a bitter-tasting natural chemical extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree
  6. 11. a rolling grassland biome featuring scattered trees and shrubs where the canopy is open enough to let sunlight reach the ground.
  7. 12. a dry, flat area of grassland with no trees, located in a temperate climate
  8. 13. a traditional ceremonial feast practiced by Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast.
  9. 14. a social, political, and economic system in medieval Europe where land was exchanged for military service, loyalty, and labor.
  10. 15. a small, fast, and highly maneuverable sailing ship with triangular sails
  11. 16. exchange the massive transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases between the Americas (the New World) and Afro-Eurasia
  12. 23. slavery a system where one person has total legal ownership of another human being as personal property
  13. 25. a cold, treeless biome characterized by permafrost, low-growing vegetation, and extremely short growing seasons