Dental Radiography Part 4

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394
Across
  1. 1. Radiolucent band that runs inferior to the mylohyoid line and apices of the molars.
  2. 3. Structure that appears as a radiolucent area superior to the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars.
  3. 9. The transformer that heats the Tungsten filament to form an electron cloud.
  4. 11. Special imaging technique where the lateral view of the skull is exposed to evaluate trauma and facial growth.
  5. 12. Fastest film speed.
  6. 13. The most common extraoral image.
  7. 17. Film badge that measures exposure to radiation.
  8. 18. A fuzzy or blurred area around an image.
  9. 20. The transformer that increases voltage to propel electrons toward the tungsten target in the x-ray tube.
  10. 21. The type of radiation filtration provided by the glass window of the x-ray tube, the insulating oil, and the tubehead seal.
  11. 23. The floor of this structure is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
  12. 28. A radiopaque triangular projection usually superimposed over the maxillary tuberosity that is located on the anterior portion of the ramus.
  13. 29. Image that captures the bone surrounding the teeth, floor of the mouth, sialolith, supernumerary teeth and is useful when a patient has a limited jaw opening.
  14. 31. This can occur if there target to film distance or the object to film distance is increased.
  15. 33. These are located in the tubehead to increase or decrease voltage.
  16. 35. How fast do x-rays travel?
  17. 37. Fill in the Blank: Anterior teeth that appear blurred and narrow on a panoramic image are due to the patient being too far _______ in the focal trough.
  18. 39. Speed of the wave.
  19. 40. A dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the molar region and is toward the apices of the teeth.
  20. 42. Special imaging that detects salivary stones and other blockages.
  21. 43. Image that captures the crown, CEJ, root, and surrounding areas and is used mainly to diagnose periodontal disease, pathology, endodontic therapy, and implants.
  22. 44. With this size of bitewing film there is only one image taken on each side.
  23. 45. Special imaging technique that evaluates the posterior portion of the mandible or lateral areas that are too large to capture for periapical films.
  24. 48. Collimation reduces tissue exposure by 60%.
  25. 50. Rare earth intensifying screens emit what color of light?
  26. 51. Image that captures crowns, contacts, and the height of alveolar bone and is used mainly for diagnosis of interproximal dental caries.
  27. 54. Slowest film speed.
  28. 57. Fill in the Blank: An xray machine with a kVp _________ 70 requires 2.5mm thickness of added filtration.
  29. 58. An imaginary plane that passess from top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket.
  30. 59. Free radical formation is caused by the ionization of what compound in cells?
  31. 63. What canal of the mandible houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels?
  32. 65. Fill in the Blank: Shorter wavelength leads to more penetrating power and a ___________quality beam.
  33. 67. This protects the patient’s thyroid gland during an x-ray exposure.
  34. 69. The number of waves that pass a given point per unit of time.
  35. 70. How many feet away from the tubehead should the radiographer stand during exposure?
  36. 71. The Inverted Y is formed by the anterior border of the maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of what other structure?
  37. 72. Structure that appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.
  38. 78. What is the MPD for an occupational person in rem?
  39. 82. The exit for the incisive blood vessel branches.
  40. 83. Fill in the Blank: The high voltage circuit ___________ the electrons from the cathode to the anode in the xray tube.
  41. 85. Occurs in a nonlinear, threshold dose-response.
  42. 87. Horseshoe shaped bone that lies below the mandible, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage and is supported by ligaments and muscles located inferior to the mandible.
  43. 88. A dense and thick U-shaped radiopaque band superior to the molar apices.
  44. 89. Structure that appears as a horizontal radiopaque band superior to the apices of the maxillary teeth.
  45. 90. The part of the xray unit that contains the tungsten target and copper stem.
  46. 91. The total energy contained by the x-ray beam.
  47. 92. Can be referred to as the amount of darkness on a radiograph.
  48. 93. Low doses of radiation received over a long period of time may result in what disease?
  49. 94. Radiation moving in a wave-like pattern.
Down
  1. 2. These appear as two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors.
  2. 4. The type of radiation filtration provided by the aluminum disk.
  3. 5. A small, tongue-shaped projection of bone seen adjacent to the mandibular foramen.
  4. 6. What type of charge do x-rays have?
  5. 7. Fluorescent materials that coat intensifying screens and convert photon energy to visible light.
  6. 8. What component of film determines its speed?
  7. 10. This is used to stabilize the receptor in the mouth and to reduce movement along with helping to properly position film and the PID.
  8. 14. For the maxillary occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
  9. 15. This is caused by the ionization of water in cells.
  10. 16. Another name for the nonstochastic effect.
  11. 19. A radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible and appears at the level of the crowns.
  12. 22. Scale of image contrast that is good for caries detection.
  13. 23. What characteristic of electrons does the milliamperage determine?
  14. 24. The rule that two triangles are equal when they share one complete side which is the basis for the bisecting technique.
  15. 25. The radiographer should be at at least how many degrees of an angle from the tubehead during exposure?
  16. 26. 5 rem/year (5000mrem) or 0.05 Sv/year (50mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure in what setting?
  17. 27. A thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
  18. 30. The thickness of aluminum filters that reduces the intensity of the beam by half.
  19. 32. For the mandibular occlusal technique the central rays are directed through what body part?
  20. 34. The distance between two adjacent wave crests.
  21. 36. What color are calcium tungstate intensifying screens?
  22. 38. Four bony spines used for muscle attachment of the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles that appear as circular radiopacities inferior to the central incisor apices.
  23. 41. The difference between the lighter and darker shade of grays on a radiograph.
  24. 42. The capacity to produce details and distinct outlines on an image.
  25. 46. A thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region and often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth.
  26. 47. Structure that appears as a bony, rounded, radiopaque projection extending from the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible
  27. 49. The hamular process is a projection from what part of the sphenoid bone?
  28. 52. The nasopalatine nerve exits the skull through which foramen?
  29. 53. A radiolucent area above the mental ridge.
  30. 55. Creates a low voltage circuit to the tungsten filament of the x-ray tube.
  31. 56. 0.5rem/year (500mrem) or 0.005 Sv/year (5mSv) is the MPD of radiation exposure for what setting?
  32. 60. The dosimeter should be worn at what part of the body?
  33. 61. Period of time from exposure until the image is visible.
  34. 62. A metal barrier with an opening in the middle that restricts the size and shape of the x-ray beam.
  35. 64. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla near this process and supply the posterior teeth.
  36. 66. A V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum.
  37. 68. Increasing the mA on an x-ray machine increases what aspect of the cathode filament?
  38. 73. Structure that appears as a small radiolucent dot surrounded by a radiopaque ring located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
  39. 74. The majority of radiation produced in an x-ray tube.
  40. 75. Occurs in a linear, non-threshold dose response.
  41. 76. Fill in the Blank: The pulp cavity in children is generally ____________ than in adults.
  42. 77. The area that the panoramic image is focused on.
  43. 79. This protects the patient’s reproductive organs and blood forming tissues during an x-ray.
  44. 80. What is the MPD for a non-occupational person in mSv per year?
  45. 81. Fill in the Blank: The longer the exposure time the more x-rays and more ________ the x-ray beam.
  46. 84. All or none effects of radiation that a person either has or does not have.
  47. 86. Contrast is dependent on this modifiable factor of an xray machine.