Development and Morphogenesis

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Across
  1. 2. Radial patterning during plant development is also referred to as…
  2. 6. One type of plant response that we reviewed, involves the change in turgor pressure within cells, to cause “movement”. This type of response is referred to as…
  3. 8. The “motor cell” at the base of petioles and petiolules of Mimosa pudica are responsible for the rapid changes in turgor pressure which cause the leaves to bend in response to touch. This motor cell is referred to as a _________.
  4. 9. This hormone is synthesized in the shoot apical meristem, young leaves, and fruits, and is transported in a polar (directional) manner by efflux carrier proteins, (“PIN” proteins) in the basal side of the plant cell.
  5. 11. Commonly referred to by this name, this plant has a short life cycle, is genetically tractable, and was the first plant to have its genome sequenced. Despite such a humble appearance, this plant has served as a model and has contributed greatly to our understanding of plant physiology.
  6. 13. The case of guard cell pattern establishment is a typical case of perception-transduction-response, in which the signal being received is a peptide (EPFL), which interacts with a _________ found in neighboring cells, called ERECTA.
  7. 15. Auxin produced by the shoot apical meristem inhibits growth of apical meristems by way of a concentration gradient. This phenomena is referred to as (two words) ____________.
  8. 17. Pattern establishment also includes plant surface (epidermal) patterns, including the abundance and location and of guard cells (stomata). In this case, and many others, the ________ gradient of the signal, a peptide, influences development of neighboring guard cells.
  9. 18. Pattern establishment begins early in embryogenesis, in fact, polarity is established after the first cell division of the…
  10. 19. In climacteric fruits, the presence of ethylene stimulates the production of more ethylene, which accelerates fruit ripening. This constitutes a ________ feedback loop.
  11. 20. Plants can perceive the presence of microbial pathogens in numerous ways, one of those involves detection of conserved features on the pathogen itself, including flagella (bacteria) or chitin (from fungal cell walls). This is referred to as...
  12. 22. In order for plants to respond to cues or signals, the perception of such must be….
  13. 24. Chemicals produced by one part of the plant, often in response to a stimulus, transported to other parts of the pant, that induce a response.
  14. 25. Pattern establishment can take on many forms. In the shoot apical meristem, cells neighboring the shoot stem cells express a transcription factor called WUSHEL (WUS) which stimulates growth and cell division, preventing differentiation. The stems cells express a small peptide, CLAVATA3 (CLV3), which reduces WUS expression in neighboring cells, allowing for cells to differentiation. These interacting factors represent a negative __________ loop, which maintains (balances) the growth of the shoot apical meristem.
Down
  1. 1. The bending of leaves of Mimosa pudica in response to touch is a __________ response.
  2. 3. Hormones are perceived by way of ___________, usually located in the plant plasma membrane.
  3. 4. Plants respond to environmental cues or signals in ways that enhance their ability to survive and reproduce successfully. The first stem in this process is that the plant must sense the cue or signal. This is called…..
  4. 5. One type of environmental cue that we reviewed, involves plant perception of touch. These types of cues are referred to by their prefix, which is…
  5. 7. Apical-basal patterning during plant development is also referred to as…
  6. 10. As in the case of guard cell pattern establishment, the detection of a signal can promote or inhibit changes in complexity of cells during development. These changes are known as ________.
  7. 12. Plants can perceive the presence of microbial pathogens in numerous ways, one of those involves detection of damage caused by the pathogen. This is referred to as...
  8. 14. Nearly all cells have the information necessary and ability to give rise to entire plants, this capacity is referred to as…
  9. 16. This hormone is synthesized primarily in roots, but also leaves and fruits, and promotes shoot growth.
  10. 21. This hormone is the only gaseous plant hormone, and is synthesized in all tissues and moves throughout the plant by diffusion. This hormone promotes fruit ripening and leaf abscission.
  11. 23. Auxin promotes elongation of cells by stimulating H+ pumps in the plasma membrane, which transports H+ into the cell wall, causing the cellulose microfibrils to loosen, allowing expansion of the cell. This is referred to as the ______-growth hypothesis.