Development economics

5. A composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic dimensions of human development: health, education, and standard of living (5, 11, 4).
7. The process of developing industries in a country to promote economic growth and transformation from an agrarian-based society to an industrial one (14).
8. Financial services, such as small loans and savings accounts, provided to low-income individuals or entrepreneurs who do not have access to traditional banking services (11).
11. The process by which a country's economy improves and its standard of living increases over time (8, 10).
12. The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society, such as transportation and communication systems (12).

1. The part of an economy that is not regulated or taxed by the government, often consisting of small-scale and unregistered businesses (7, 6).
2. A situation in which a person or community is unable to escape poverty due to various interlocking factors, such as lack of access to education or job opportunities (5, 4).
3. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country (7, 6, 10).
4. The partial or total forgiveness of debt owed by developing countries to international creditors, aimed at reducing their debt burden (4, 6).
6. The emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals from a developing country to seek better opportunities and higher wages in other countries (5, 5).
9. Financial assistance given by governments or international organizations to help developing countries improve their economic and social conditions (7, 3).
10. ________DEVELOPMENT: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (11, 11).