Disease Review

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Across
  1. 1. medicine that inhibits growth of microorganisms; won’t work on viruses, which are not alive
  2. 6. protective proteins produced by a host in response to antigen exposure
  3. 9. the cycle of viral infection that results in viral nucleic acid integrating with host’s DNA (prophage)
  4. 11. another term for virus
  5. 13. protein coat that surrounds genetic material of virus
  6. 15. enzyme used by retroviruses to produce viral DNA from viral RNA
  7. 17. protein on envelope of virus that facilitates entry to host cell by docking to complementary receptor
  8. 18. virus that has acquired functional mutations
  9. 19. disease transmitted to humans from animals
  10. 25. the degree of damage a pathogen is capable of inflicting
  11. 29. disease that can be passed between organisms
  12. 30. BA.2 a subvariant of variant BA.1 ; so-called because it’s harder to distinguish from the Delta variant on PCR tests; seems to infect vaccinated and boosted better than BA.1
  13. 31. viral DNA integrated with host’s DNA; will be replicated along with host’s DNA during cell division
  14. 34. virus that infects bacteria
  15. 36. condition interfering with an organism’s performance
  16. 37. infectious strand of RNA able to affect plants
  17. 38. a phenomenon that can occur when different viruses infect the same host, so progeny are produced containing genes of both “parents.”
  18. 40. toxin or foreign substance that, when introduced to a host, triggers the production of antibodies
  19. 41. virus with coiled genetic material surrounded by a coiled capsid
  20. 42. new vaccine strategy that introduces recipe for antigen to host; cheaper and easier to make that traditional vaccines—but harder to store
  21. 43. the cycle of viral infection that results in the destruction of the host’s cell
  22. 44. virus with polyhedral head and helical body
  23. 46. virus with capsid of many sides—sometimes up to 20
Down
  1. 2. type of infection caused by common microorganisms that a healthy immune system should repel
  2. 3. agent of disease that replicates self at expense of host
  3. 4. stage of viral infection when viral proteins are produced using host’s resources
  4. 5. stage of viral infection when virus escapes host cell, acquiring an envelope in the process
  5. 7. family of viruses to which SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold belong; named for its “crown” of spikes
  6. 8. the ability of a host to withstand the effects of a pathogen
  7. 10. SARS
  8. 12. animal that moves disease from one organism to another; mosquitoes transfer malaria, for example
  9. 14. Yersinia pestis bacterial infection responsible for most lethal pandemics in history; currently treatable with antibiotics, no longer leading to epidemics
  10. 16. late stage of HIV infection characterized by opportunistic infections resulting from loss of host helper T cells
  11. 20. acellular infectious agent consisting minimally of nucleic acid surrounded by protein
  12. 21. viral disease with high mortality rate that caused epidemics into the 20th century, but eradicated by aggressive vaccination strategy
  13. 22. helical virus surrounded by round envelope
  14. 23. using viruses to target pathogenic bacteria; gaining importance as bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics
  15. 24. acellular infections agent consisting only of misfolded protein; causes disease in brains of animals
  16. 26. RNA virus that uses a special enzyme to produce DNA from RNA; viral DNA then integrates with host DNA; strategy used by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  17. 27. mercury-containing substance used as preservative in some vaccines
  18. 28. substance intended to stimulate host defense against pathogen without catching and spreading disease
  19. 32. medicine that inhibits the ability of viruses to replicate; side effects may be severe, since they usually target production of RNA, DNA, or protein
  20. 33. stage of viral infection when pathogenic nucleic acid is copied using host’s resources
  21. 35. lipids and glycoproteins that further surround the capsid of some viruses; facilitate entry to host; often derived from the host’s membrane
  22. 39. cells of immune system responsible for creating specific antibodies
  23. 45. strategy used in production of some vaccines that include pathogen weakened by chemicals like formaldehyde