Diseases and Immunity

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Across
  1. 4. The term for spherical-shaped pathogenic bacteria, such as *Staphylococcus*.
  2. 5. A harmless form of a microorganism introduced to the body by injection or swallowing to trigger immune defenses.
  3. 8. A comma-shaped bacterium that is responsible for causing cholera.
  4. 11. Cells that remain in the lymph nodes to quickly divide and produce antibodies if the same antigen enters the body again.
  5. 13. Specific proteins produced by white blood cells that directly attack alien cells or toxins.
  6. 14. The general term for the means of transmission used by a pathogen to spread.
  7. 15. A heat-treatment process that milk must undergo to kill bacteria like *Salmonella*.
  8. 19. The structure through which antibodies pass from a mother's blood to her developing fetus.
  9. 20. The fluid produced by a mother that contains white blood cells to give a nursing baby passive immunity.
  10. 22. A type of fungal disease that causes athlete's foot and ringworm.
  11. 23. A chemical used in large-scale water treatment to kill pathogens.
  12. 24. The outer layer of the skin that acts as a mechanical barrier against bacteria.
  13. 25. Chemical substances found on the surface of all cells that possess specific shapes.
Down
  1. 1. The process by which certain white blood cells fight infection by engulfing and digesting bacteria.
  2. 2. A person who carries intestinal pathogens without showing any symptoms of the disease.
  3. 3. Poisonous waste products produced by bacteria that can damage host cells.
  4. 6. A term describing a disease that is constantly present within a specific population.
  5. 7. A disease-causing organism.
  6. 9. The type of immunity gained when the body produces its own antibodies against a pathogen.
  7. 10. The type of temporary immunity gained from receiving antibodies that were not produced by the patient's own body.
  8. 12. The specific type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies.
  9. 16. An inactivated bacterial toxin used in some vaccinations, such as those for diphtheria and tetanus.
  10. 17. Tiny liquid particles expelled into the air when coughing or sneezing that can carry viruses.
  11. 18. Blood plasma with the fibrinogen removed, which is often used to inject patients with donor antibodies.
  12. 21. Medications taken by travelers to help prevent them from getting a disease, such as chloroquine for malaria.