Early Civilization of India

1. A collection of ancient sacred texts of early India that form the basis of Hindu beliefs.
4. The idea that a person’s actions affect their future lives.
5. The smaller social groups or subdivisions within each varna, often based on occupation.
6. The science of working with metals, including extracting and shaping them for tools and goods.
9. An early form of Hinduism based on the teachings of the Vedas and led by priests.
12. The ultimate goal in Buddhism; a state of peace and freedom from the cycle of rebirth.
13. A person’s duty or moral responsibility based on their role in society.
15. A large landmass that is part of a continent but has distinct geographic features (e.g., India).
16. A state of perfect understanding and freedom from suffering.
17. The belief in nonviolence and not harming living things.
18. A social system in which people are born into a specific group and have limited social mobility.
19. Release from the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism; a state of spiritual freedom.

1. The four main social classes in ancient Indian society (priests, warriors, merchants, workers).
2. The belief that the soul is reborn into a new body after death.
3. A building used to store large amounts of grain.
7. The universal spirit or ultimate reality in Hinduism.
8. A fortified area or stronghold within a city, often used for protection or important buildings.
10. To focus the mind deeply in thought or reflection, often for spiritual growth.
11. A teacher or spiritual guide.
14. Seasonal winds that bring heavy rain in the summer and dry conditions in the winter.