Early Civilization Review

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Across
  1. 4. One of the four ancient river valley civilizations sprung in the Middle East. Set at the Mouth of the Nile River in North East Africa.
  2. 7. civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity.
  3. 9. is the earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq
  4. 10. was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. Its political and administrative structure is considered by most scholars to have been the most developed in the Americas before Columbus' arrival. Arose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century.
  5. 12. ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt. Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.
  6. 13. a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Israel, Palestinian Territories, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan as well as the southeastern fringe of Turkey and the western fringes of Iran.
Down
  1. 1. the stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced.
  2. 2. centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. Excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork.
  3. 3. civilization from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
  4. 5. a ruler in ancient Egypt.
  5. 6. flourished between c. 1345 and 1521 CE and, at its greatest extent, covered most of northern Mesoamerica. Highly accomplished in agriculture and trade, the last of the great Mesoamerican civilizations was also noted for its art and architecture which ranks amongst the finest ever produced on the continent.
  6. 8. a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. It consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" as graded based on social stratification depending on social status and gender, of slave versus free, man versus woman.
  7. 11. a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is the longest river in Africa. Source of the original Egyptian civilization.