Early Middle Ages

3. The capital of the Byzantine Empire, a wealthy city located between Europe and Asia.
5. The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which continued after the fall of Rome, with its capital at Constantinople.
7. A place where monks live and work, often preserving religious and classical texts.
10. The first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler and convert to Christianity.
11. A magnificent church built in Constantinople during the Byzantine Empire, known for its massive dome and mosaics.
14. A powerful Germanic kingdom in what is now France, led by kings like Clovis and Charlemagne.
15. A political empire in Central Europe, which sought to revive the Roman Empire’s greatness, starting with Otto I.
17. The wife of Emperor Justinian, known for her intelligence and influence in running the Byzantine Empire.
18. The period in European history from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance (500-1500 AD).
19. Invaders from Scandinavia who raided parts of Europe, including England and France, during the Middle Ages.

1. The five basic acts of worship required of Muslims, including prayer and pilgrimage to Mecca.
2. A system of government in the Middle Ages where lords gave land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and service.
4. Nomadic warriors from Eastern Europe who invaded parts of Europe during the Middle Ages.
6. A simplified and organized set of laws created by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian.
8. A title for the political and religious leader of the Islamic world, meaning “successor” to Muhammad.
9. King of the Franks who expanded his kingdom and was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 AD.
12. A religion founded by the prophet Muhammad, teaching belief in one God, Allah.
13. Writing rooms in monasteries where monks copied important religious and classical texts.
16. The head of the Roman Catholic Church, based in Rome, who has significant religious influence in Europe.
18. Religious men who devoted their lives to prayer and work, often living in monasteries.