Early Middle Ages

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Across
  1. 2. Naval fleet defeated by England under Queen Elizabeth I.
  2. 4. Influential family in Florence, key patrons of the Renaissance.
  3. 7. Initiator of the Protestant Reformation, famous for his 95 Theses.
  4. 12. Catholic Church’s response to the spread of Protestantism.
  5. 13. Renaissance artist and scientist known for works such as the Mona Lisa.
  6. 16. City in Italy known as the cradle of the Renaissance.
  7. 17. Astronomer known for his laws of planetary motion, supporting heliocentrism.
  8. 18. Scientist known for formulating the laws of motion.
  9. 19. Council that played a vital role in the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
  10. 22. Practice criticized by Martin Luther, leading to the 95 Theses.
  11. 23. Famous English playwright whose works are a staple of Renaissance literature.
  12. 24. Movement for religious reform, leading to the creation of Protestant churches.
Down
  1. 1. Philosophical stance emphasizing the value of human beings and reason, influenced by Thomas Aquinas.
  2. 3. Cultural movement characterized by a renewed interest in art and learning.
  3. 5. English king known for his role in the separation from the Catholic Church.
  4. 6. Renowned Renaissance sculptor and painter, creator of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
  5. 8. Philosopher who developed the scientific method.
  6. 9. Also known as "Bloody Mary," she attempted to restore Catholicism in England.
  7. 10. Inventor of the printing press, which revolutionized the spread of knowledge.
  8. 11. Translator of the Bible into English, aiding in the spread of Protestantism.
  9. 14. Proposed the heliocentric theory of the solar system.
  10. 15. Improved the telescope and supported Copernican heliocentrism.
  11. 20. Religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola during the Counter-Reformation.
  12. 21. Queen during the Golden Age of the Tudor dynasty, known for defeating the Spanish Armada.