Earth and Space Review

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Across
  1. 3. A graphical representation of stars, illustrating their relationship between temperature and luminosity (or brightness).
  2. 4. Stars in a late stage of stellar evolution, formed when the hydrogen in their cores is depleted, causing the core to collapse and initiate helium fusion, leading to the expansion of the outer layers.
  3. 6. Large planets formed in the outer edges of planetary disks, primarily composed of gases like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
  4. 8. The process in which two hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing massive amounts of energy in stars.
  5. 11. Larger bodies in orbit around a star, believed to be in the early stages of planetary formation.
  6. 13. The remnant core of a star that's similar in size to the Earth but retains the mass of a star after shedding its outer layers in the red giant phase.
  7. 15. Rocky or metallic bodies with no atmosphere, varying in size from small rocks to dwarf planets, orbiting within the inner solar system.
  8. 16. Rings or disks of dust and gas surrounding young stars, where planets are believed to form.
  9. 17. Stars Stars, including those similar in size to the Sun, that are fueled by nuclear fusion, converting hydrogen into helium in their cores, preventing gravitational collapse.
  10. 19. A region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape its grasp.
  11. 20. An early stage in the formation of a star, where gas and dust gather and increase in mass until enough material causes it to collapse and heat up, eventually forming a star.
Down
  1. 1. Nebulae formed as a result of a supernova explosion, often containing remnants like neutron stars or pulsars.
  2. 2. A white dwarf that has cooled off to the extent that it no longer emits light or heat.
  3. 5. Small celestial bodies formed by the accumulation of dust and debris in the early stages of planetary formation, considered building blocks for planets.
  4. 7. The process of matter coming together under the influence of gravity to form larger bodies, such as planetesimals or planets.
  5. 9. Flattened, circular structures formed when material falls towards a strong gravitational force, often seen around stars or black holes.
  6. 10. A highly dense core resulting from the collapse of a massive star in a supernova, composed primarily of neutrons due to the intense gravitational forces.
  7. 12. Planets formed closer to the star with a composition primarily of rock and metal, such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
  8. 14. Extremely massive stars in a late stage, similar to red giants but with higher mass, leading to more intense pressure and heat, enabling the fusion of heavier elements.
  9. 18. A catastrophic explosion occurring at the end of a massive star's life cycle when fusion stops, leading to a rapid collapse and subsequent explosion, often outshining entire galaxies.