Earth Science Final 2022

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Across
  1. 4. The thickness of a liquid; its resistance to flow.
  2. 5. A volcano that is not currently erupting, but that has erupted in the recent past.
  3. 8. The long-term average of weather.
  4. 9. A volcano that is currently erupting or is just about to erupt.
  5. 10. A large underwater structure created from the calcium carbonate skeletons of coral.
  6. 15. A round celestial object orbiting a star that has cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals.
  7. 16. The distance light can travel in one year; 9.5 trillion kilometers.
  8. 18. Fossilized tree sap.
  9. 21. The change in a substance from a liquid to a gas by the addition of energy.
  10. 25. The amount of time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive substance to decay to the daughter product.
  11. 26. A fountain of hot water and steam that erupts onto the surface.
  12. 27. The total mass of living organisms in a given region.
  13. 29. The shortest wavelength radio waves.
  14. 30. A change in the shape of water caused by energy from wind.
  15. 31. The zone in the water column deeper than 200 m where sunlight does not penetrate.
  16. 32. Animal with no backbone.
  17. 33. Water that falls from the sky as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Down
  1. 1. The longest wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  2. 2. Where a stream meets a lake or, more usually, an ocean.
  3. 3. Tiny plants that photosynthesize and create food energy and oxygen.
  4. 6. Horizontal distance from wave crest to wave crest, or wave trough to wave trough.
  5. 7. A band of electromagnetic radiation between gamma and ultraviolet.
  6. 11. A fracture along which one side has moved relative to the other.
  7. 12. A stream of hot water that flows out of the ground continuously.
  8. 13. Deformation in a rock because of a stress that exceeds the rock's internal strength.
  9. 14. Not involving life or living organisms. For example, the rock and mineral portion of the soil.
  10. 17. A penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation.
  11. 19. Natural processes operated the same way throughout Earth's history as they do today.
  12. 20. The release of water vapor into the air through the leaves of plants.
  13. 21. Ground shaking caused by the release of energy stored in rocks.
  14. 22. The upper 200 m of the ocean, where sunlight penetrates.
  15. 23. A region below a volcano where magma and gases collect.
  16. 24. Scientists who study the universe beyond Earth.
  17. 28. An enormous wave generated by vertical movement of the ocean floor during an underwater earthquake.