EARTH SCIENCE

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Across
  1. 4. waves An elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
  2. 9. the distance between two successive wave crests or troughs.
  3. 11. property possessed by certain rocks of breaking with relative ease along parallel planes or nearly parallel surfaces in their crystal structures where the bonds are weakest.
  4. 14. a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content.
  5. 16. a term applied to large areas of basaltic lava presumably extruded from fissures.
  6. 17. A rocky space object that can be from a few hundred feet to several hundred km wide.
  7. 18. the tendency of a moving object to continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place.
  8. 20. a sedimentary rock composed of combustible matter derived from the partial decomposition of plant material.
  9. 22. The movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to "drift" across the ocean bed.
  10. 24. A zone of the earth's mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere and consists of several hundred kilometers of deformable rock.
  11. 28. a type of thermal spring which ejects water intermittently with considerable force.
  12. 30. Is the part of the earth between the core and the the crust.
  13. 31. The change occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids.
  14. 32. it is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
  15. 33. weathering processes that are the result of chemical reactions. Example: the transformation of orthoclase to kaolinite.
  16. 35. a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances, absorbed from the air by plants in photosynthesis.
  17. 36. The outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
  18. 39. is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet.
  19. 42. a supercontinent that existed from the Jurassic to Early Tertiary after splitting from Pangea.
  20. 43. A type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.
  21. 44. The temperature at which a liquid changes to a vaporous state.
  22. 46. Is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods.
  23. 47. A smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock.
  24. 48. Any of the almost spherical concentric regions of matter that make up the earth and its atmosphere, as the lithosphere and hydrosphere.
  25. 49. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time.
Down
  1. 1. a slowly moving mass of ice.
  2. 2. turbulent stream water flow down a steep gradient, but not as steep as in a waterfall.
  3. 3. the cosmic explosion that is hypothesized to have marked the origin of the universe.
  4. 5. a seismic body wave that involves particle motion, alternating compression and expansion, in the direction of wave propagation. It is the fastest seismic wave. compare S-wave .
  5. 6. a seismic body wave that involves particle motion from side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.A waves are slower than P-waves and cannot travel through a liquid.
  6. 7. He molten rock material that originates under the Earth's crust and forms igneous rock when it has cooled.
  7. 8. the vertical distance between the crest and adjacent trough of a wave.
  8. 10. ridge An underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
  9. 12. the dust-sized, sharp-edged, glassy particles resulting from an explosive volcanic eruption.
  10. 13. A caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
  11. 15. energy that travels through space in the form of waves without the intervention of matter, as in the transport of heat from the Sun to the Earth.
  12. 19. A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.
  13. 21. The innermost part of a core, specif. a solid sphere in the middle of the fluid core such as the iron-nickel core of the Earth.
  14. 23. the process by which an unconsolidated deposit of sediments is converted in to solid rock.
  15. 25. The branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants.
  16. 26. A pure substance composed of two or more elements whose composition is constant.
  17. 27. the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water and is invisible.
  18. 29. Pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed from lava released on the Earth's surface.
  19. 34. The state or quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it.
  20. 37. Cracks in rock are a mechanism of brittle deformation in response to stress.
  21. 38. The definition of air pressure is the force exerted onto a surface by the weight of the air.
  22. 40. a group of changes.
  23. 41. A segment of continental crust, usually in the interior of a continent, that has been tectonically stable for a long time commonly a billion years or longer.
  24. 45. a naturally occurring chemical compound.
  25. 47. the smallest component of an element.