Earth Systems Chapter 16 Vocab

2. a cave, or a chamber in a cave, typically a large one.
6. a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.
9. a mound or tapering column rising from the floor of a cave, formed of calcium salts deposited by dripping water and often uniting with a stalactite.
12. an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space.
13. water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
15. / a well that is dug or drilled below the water table and water is pumped to the surface.
17. a hot spring in which water intermittently boils, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air.
19. / a sloping layer of permeable rock that is exposed to the surface and sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock.

1. a spring of naturally hot water, typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity.
3. a layer of hard, impervious rock overlying and often sealing in a deposit of oil, gas, or coal.
4. / water in a confined aquifer rises on its own due to the pressure of the water rather than pumping.
5. water that collects on the surface of the ground
7. / the area in an aquifer, below the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water.
8. / the level below which the ground is saturated with water.
10. / region in the ground in which pore spaces are filled with air.
11. the quality of being porous, or full of tiny holes.
14. / rock formation where an arch has formed with an opening underneath.
16. the state or quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it.
18. a tapering structure hanging like an icicle from the roof of a cave, formed of calcium salts deposited by dripping water.
20. a cavity in the ground, especially in limestone bedrock, caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground.