Earth Terms

4. Magma that has reached the Earth's surface through a volcanic vent
5. The layer of gases surrounding Earth, which can be altered by volcanic ash and gas emissions.
6. Flow A fast-moving, extremely hot mixture of gas and volcanic matter that rushes down a volcano's slope.
9. The breaking down of volcanic rocks over time, which eventually releases minerals that create fertile soil.
10. The release of trapped gases (like water vapor and co2 from magma into the atmosphere during an eruption.
12. All the water on Earth's surface; volcanoes can affect this through acid rain or by heating underwater environments.

1. Molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface
2. All living organisms on Earth; volcanic eruptions can both destroy and create habitats for life.
3. A destructive mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water.
5. Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, often caused by volcanic sulfur dioxide reacting with water.
7. Rock fragments and particles (such as ash) ejected by a volcanic eruption.
8. Tiny liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere; volcanic sulfate aerosols can reflect sunlight and cool the planet.
11. The solid parts of Earth, including the crust and mantle, where volcanic activity originates.