Earthquake Glossary

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Across
  1. 2. a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth in the same direction and the opposite direction as the direction the wave is moving.
  2. 3. a fracture along blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one another parallel to the fracture.
  3. 4. a seismic body wave that shakes the ground back and forth perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving.
  4. 5. a measure of the size of an earthquake based on the area of fault rupture, the average amount of slip, and the force that was required to overcome the friction sticking the rocks together that were offset by faulting.
  5. 7. a record written by a seismograph in response to ground motions produced by an earthquake, explosion, or other ground-motion sources.
  6. 10. is the fracture zone along the ocean bottom where molten mantle material comes to the surface, thus creating new crust.
  7. 12. earthquakes that follow the largest shock of an earthquake sequence.
  8. 13. a term used to describe both sudden slip on a fault, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slip, or by volcanic or magmatic activity, or other sudden stress changes in the earth.
  9. 15. a number (written as a Roman numeral) describing the severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects on the earth's surface and on humans and their structures.
  10. 17. a general reference to landslides, liquefaction, lateral spreads, and any other consequence of shaking that affects the stability of the ground.
  11. 20. the process of the oceanic lithosphere colliding with and descending beneath the continental lithosphere.
  12. 23. Relatively hard, solid rock that commonly underlies softer rock, sediment, or soil; a subset of the basement or Baby I'm not Fred Flinstone but I can make your _________________.
  13. 24. is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts.
Down
  1. 1. A _______________ is a surface wave having a horizontal motion that is transverse (or perpendicular) to the direction the wave is traveling.
  2. 4. a seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth.
  3. 5. s the place where two lithospheric plates come together, one riding over the other. Most volcanoes on land occur parallel to and inland from the boundary between the two plates.
  4. 6. is a movement of surface material down a slope.
  5. 8. the process of the oceanic lithosphere colliding with and descending beneath the continental lithosphere.
  6. 9. the study of the planet earth- the materials it is made of, the processes that act on those materials, the products formed, and the history of the planet and its life forms since its origin.
  7. 11. he theory supported by a wide range of evidence that considers the earth's crust and upper mantle to be composed of several large, thin, relatively rigid plates that move relative to one another.
  8. 14. a number that characterizes the relative size of an earthquake.
  9. 16. the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter or focus, point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins.
  10. 18. are relatively smaller earthquakes that precede the largest earthquake in a series, which is termed the main shock.
  11. 19. developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes.
  12. 20. the place where two lithospheric plates come together, one riding over the other. Most volcanoes on land occur parallel to and inland from the boundary between the two plates.
  13. 21. the outer solid part of the earth, including the crust and uppermost mantle.
  14. 22. Spreading what happens at the mid-oceanic ridge where a divergent boundary is causing two plates to move away from one another resulting in spreading of the sea floor.