Earth's Surface

3. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
5. currents drive the movement of Earth's rigid tectonic plates in the planet's fluid molten mantle
7. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate
9. a sudden and violent shaking of the ground
11. a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth's subterranean movements
14. a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
16. s a small tectonic plate (microplate) generated from the Juan de Fuca Ridge that is subducting beneath the northerly portion of the western side of the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone
17. a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust

1. a satellite-based radio navigation system
2. a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level; a large steep hill
4. the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet
6. a single supercontinent which during the 165 million years of dinosaur existence this supercontinent slowly broke apart.
8. type of tectonic plate boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
10. the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle
12. type of boundary where two or more lithospheric plates collide
13. in a horizontal position or direction.
15. a tectonic plate that includes most of the continents of Europe and Asia with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent